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Smile Education

Not only educated, but thinking Indians

Year ender 2024: Education
Not only educated, but thinking Indians

In a TEDx Talk, social sciences researcher Rashmi Muraleedhar explores the complex negotiation between our internal world—thoughts, emotions, and perceptions—and the external world. She describes critical thinking as an intermediary process that bridges the gap between the information we absorb from the world and the ideas and actions we project back into it. Muraleedhar emphasises that this process is not passive but active and dynamic. She argues that critical thinking plays a vital role in shaping how we interact with the world.

Quality education is a pressing issue today and the Indian education system faces several challenges that significantly impact students. Inadequate infrastructure, lack of access and equity, and low teacher retention rates are some factors contributing to a subpar education system. Furthermore, the system has long been criticised for its emphasis on rote learning rather than nurturing critical thinking skills.

A key factor behind the persistent pressure on students is the overemphasis on memorisation and standardised testing. Students are often expected to memorise large amounts of information and regurgitate it during exams, leaving little room for proper understanding or developing analytical and critical thinking abilities. However, to truly help our students grow into thoughtful and responsible individuals, we must place equal importance on fostering their critical thinking abilities.

Emphasising the need to be critical thinkers

In an editorial for the Deccan Herald, Kal Krishnan and Roger Marshall note that in the aftermath of the devastating destruction caused by World War II, both Germany and Japan have made remarkable comebacks. On the other hand, India has undoubtedly made progress since its independence, yet the country is still struggling to reach its full potential. Krishnan and Marshall suggest that one primary reason for India’s stagnation over the past 75 years lies in its fragmented education system, which operates in silos, and its failure to prioritise the teaching of critical thinking skills in classrooms. “The IIT curricula were designed to produce competent engineers, not critical thinkers,” they comment. 

Their point underscores the need for critical thinking to be integrated into education. In fact, when we look at the leaders who have shaped our nation, it is clear that they were all profound thinkers. Critical thinking is thus the foundation of a thriving democracy and a progressive society. With it, we can produce a generation of people who may be highly skilled at handling technical tasks but may need to be equipped to understand the nuances of society, politics, or the environment. A ”thinking Indian” is therefore, someone who does not passively accept information but actively engages with it, questions it, and seeks to understand the underlying principles behind the facts. Critical thinking encourages scepticism—healthy scepticism that asks questions like, “Why do we do things this way?”, “What are the long-term consequences?” and “Who benefits from this policy or practice?”

Taking education beyond the classroom

One way to build thinking citizens in our country would be to extend education beyond the confines of the traditional classroom. While schools and universities are essential for imparting foundational knowledge, true transformation occurs when education transcends these spaces and engages with the real world. This is where experiential learning, open discussions, debates and exposure to diverse perspectives become crucial. We can nurture reflective and independent thinkers by encouraging students to engage with ideas and experiences outside of textbooks. The goal of education should not be an abstract or idealistic dream but a practical necessity for a vibrant, democratic and progressive nation.

Consider the issue of gender inequality in our country. A person with education might be aware of the basic statistics: that women, especially in rural and semi-urban parts of the country, have lower literacy rates, limited access to healthcare, and are often underrepresented in the workforce. However, only an educated critical thinker would approach these statistics not just as numbers but as a reflection of deeper, historical and systemic issues. They would explore the root causes of gender inequality—such as patriarchy, cultural norms and unequal access to education and economic opportunities to make sense of these numbers. 

Navigating the role of technology and media

Over the last decade, technology and media have become powerful tools for both education and misinformation. In the digital age, the internet offers unprecedented access to knowledge and global discourse. However, this access also poses a challenge: distinguishing between credible information and misinformation. Only a critical thinker can evaluate the information they consume, recognise biases and discern fact from fiction.

Social media, for instance, is a double-edged sword. It can be a platform for the exchange of ideas, for fostering relationships, for social activism but it also creates echo chambers where false information spreads rapidly, and users are exposed only to ideas that align with their pre-existing beliefs. Engaging with diverse opinions, remaining open to different perspectives, and questioning information critically are essential for cultivating a thinking society.

In an article for The Hindu, Shraddha Bharaity emphasises the crucial importance of critical thinking in the digital age, especially in an era dominated by fake news and deep fakes. She argues that integrating crucial thinking into educational syllabi is essential. Cultivating this skill from a young age would lay the foundation for lifelong learning and equip individuals to make informed decisions. 

By fostering curiosity, encouraging debate, embedding critical thinking across subjects and creating a supportive learning environment, we would be helping children develop the required skills to navigate the complexities of the modern world and contribute meaningfully to our society. 

Smile Foundation recognises the urgent need to transform education into a tool for fostering critical thinking, going beyond rote learning to nurture thoughtful, analytical and socially responsible individuals. In a system often constrained by standardised testing and memorisation, Smile Foundation strives to equip students with skills that encourage inquiry and understanding. Through experiential learning, open discussions and exposure to diverse perspectives, we take education beyond the classroom, empowering children to engage with real-world challenges and develop the ability to question, analyse and innovate.

By integrating critical thinking into its programmes, Smile Foundation helps children become more than passive recipients of information—they become active participants in their education and society. We address issues like gender inequality and digital literacy, teaching students to view these challenges critically, exploring root causes and systemic factors. This approach aligns with the belief that an education system fostering reflective and independent thinkers is vital for building a progressive and equitable society. Smile Foundation’s work creates the foundation for a generation ready to navigate complexities and contribute meaningfully to a vibrant democracy.

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Smile Education

Children’s Day: The Promises We Must Keep for Our Children’s Sake

Emotionally Safe Classrooms for First-Generation Learners

Since 1956, Children’s Day has been celebrated annually in India on November 14, to honour the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. The day is dedicated to recognising the innocence, joy and potential of children, holding immense significance across the country. More than just a celebration, it serves as an opportunity to reflect on the state of children’s rights in India and remind government bodies, educators and parents of their responsibility to provide a safe, healthy and supportive environment for children.  

Various initiatives are undertaken on this day to raise awareness about children’s rights, needs and the importance of their holistic development. Below are some of the key promises we must keep for the sake of our children’s future.

Key Promises for a Healthy Childhood

  1. Promise to Provide Quality Education

For centuries, efforts have been made to ensure that education is both free and mandatory for all children. Yet, we still struggle to ensure that every child attends school. Gone are the days when survival with little or no education was a reality. In today’s fast-paced world, education—acknowledged as a fundamental right—is essential to thrive. It equips children not only with knowledge but also with the skills required to navigate and succeed in a highly competitive marketplace. Only through quality education can a child’s full potential be realised. Education builds confidence, empowers decision-making and offers the means to break the cycle of poverty.  

An educated individual contributes to the economic growth of society and the nation. Countries with strong education systems and higher literacy rates often experience increased productivity and economic development. That’s why the promise to provide quality education must be fulfilled without delay.

  1. Promise to Provide a Clean and Healthy Environment

Modernisation, driven by industries and factories, has undoubtedly contributed to societal progress. However, it has also led to a growing environmental crisis, with pollution levels rising across the globe. Many areas struggle to access clean water, air and sanitation. Exposure to environmental toxins—such as air pollution, lead and pesticides—can severely impact a child’s development, resulting in conditions like asthma, developmental delays and long-term health issues.  

A clean and healthy environment is crucial for a child’s physical, emotional and cognitive development. Access to clean water, nutritious food, and proper sanitation helps prevent health complications, ensuring that children can grow and thrive. In light of the global healthcare challenges we face, it has become urgent to fulfil our promise of providing a healthy and safe environment for children.

  1. Promise of Safety

A child’s environment plays a critical role in shaping their emotional and mental well-being. Children need a safe, nurturing and supportive atmosphere to develop resilience, self-esteem and emotional health. Those who grow up in unsafe or chaotic conditions, characterised by violence, neglect or poverty, are at greater risk of developing mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. On the other hand, children raised in secure, loving environments are more likely to develop empathy, strong social skills and positive relationships.  

Ensuring that children are free from violence, exploitation, and abuse is essential for their safety. A secure environment fosters emotional well-being, promotes positive social behaviours and teaches children to value diversity and inclusivity. These qualities are fundamental for shaping socially responsible and compassionate adults. Ensuring the safety of children is a promise we must uphold to secure their future and well-being.

Smile Foundation’s Contribution 

Founded in 2002, Smile Foundation has worked to uplift children, focusing on education as a primary pillar of empowerment. We believe that education is the key to breaking barriers and creating opportunities. Through our flagship programme, Mission Education, we support underserved children by providing access to quality education, nutrition and healthcare support.  

We support children between the ages of three and 18 from disadvantaged communities, offering them quality education, remedial education, vocational training, scholarships and more. In the financial year 2022-23, Smile Foundation reached over 120,000 children through our education programmes, provided vocational training to more than 44,000 children, supported infrastructure development for 25,000 children and awarded scholarships to nearly 2,000 girls for education.  

Conclusion 

Children’s Day in India is a celebration of our future generation. On this day, we recognise the vast potential of every child and reaffirm the nation’s commitment to nurturing and protecting its youngest citizens. It is a time for reflection on the progress we have made, but also a reminder of the challenges that lie ahead. By keeping the promises made to our children, we can create a just, equitable, and hopeful future for all.

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Education

India trying to Internationalize its Education System

India's education system transforms toward inclusive education

Ancient India has long been celebrated as a global knowledge hub. From the early roots of education in Vedic culture to the famed ancient universities of Takshashila and Nalanda, India attracted students and scholars from across the world. These institutions were not just centers of learning but symbols of a holistic education system that emphasised philosophy, science, mathematics, medicine and arts.  In contrast, the modern Indian education system, though vast, has been criticised for being exam-centric and focused on rote learning rather than inquiry-driven learning. 

Post-colonial India adopted a more rigid education structure, which, although improved access, often left little room for creativity or multidisciplinary exploration. The constraints of this system have been a barrier to innovation, research and critical thinking. This has led an increasing number of Indian students to seek educational opportunities abroad. About 7,50,000 students have traveled abroad to pursue higher education in 2022 alone, while a little over 30,000 international students have enrolled in India in the same year. This emphasises the importance of expanding internationalisation efforts at home.

National Education Policy 2020

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 introduced a framework that aims to increase international collaborations, attract foreign students and make Indian institutions more competitive globally. One of its core objectives is to make India an attractive destination for higher education and research by aligning Indian education standards with global quality metrics. By promoting the exchange of ideas and students, NEP aims to create a rich learning ecosystem.

The policy encourages Indian universities to establish partnerships with foreign institutions and attract international students by offering world-class facilities and flexible credit systems. NEP also introduced the concept of dual degrees, joint degrees and credit transfers between Indian and foreign institutions, all of which simplify the education pathway for international students. 

Global Partnerships and Exchange Programmes

International collaborations have been a focus area for India. Several universities have signed Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs) with foreign institutions to facilitate research, student exchange and curriculum development. In addition, India has promoted exchange programmes under initiatives such as Study in India and the Global Initiative of Academic Networks (GIAN). 

Study in India aims to attract students from countries across Africa, Asia and the Middle East by offering scholarships and simplified admission processes. A dedicated portal called ‘Study in India’ has been developed to address the issues of international students. The portal acts as a single entry point for all students coming to study in Indian Universities onboard all HEIs above a certain ranking and lists all programmes they offer. 

This will facilitate international students in navigating all information about studies in India and act as a guide in choosing the right institute and course that fits their requirements. In 2018, the Indian government allocated around INR 150 crores for Study in India, with the goal of reaching 200,000 foreign students by 2023. However, actual enrollment numbers have fallen short of these expectations, indicating the need for further reforms and better infrastructure.

Education and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

India’s drive to internationalise its education system aligns with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 4, which advocates for inclusive, high-quality education and lifelong learning. By broadening access to international programmes and elevating curriculum standards, India takes steps toward SDG 4. 

Additionally, SDG 17 emphasises global partnerships, enabling India to collaborate with other countries and adopt educational best practices while sharing its advancements. India’s commitment to these SDGs is reflected in its emphasis on inclusivity and quality improvements in NEP. Initiatives like foreign faculty exchange and encouraging research partnerships can further strengthen India’s education system in line with these goals.

Scholarships and Financial Support 

Financial incentives play a key role in attracting international students. The government and various institutions have introduced scholarships, such as the ICCR (Indian Council for Cultural Relations) scholarships, which fund students from developing countries to study in India. Despite these offerings, however, international student applications have been limited. For example, ICCR awards over 3,000 scholarships annually, yet many scholarships remained underutilised because of complex application procedures. 

Limited awareness, complex application process and the need for additional financial aid might be some of the reasons for the low uptake of scholarships. Additionally, visa processes and administrative hurdles create barriers for international students considering India as their educational destination.

Language and Cultural Barriers

Language and cultural differences might be another crucial barrier in India’s internationalisation efforts. While English is widely used in higher education, many international students may not be proficient. Creating language support systems or multilingual courses can boost inclusivity. Additionally, enhancing cultural integration through orientation programmes, peer support and student clubs helps international students feel welcome, fostering a more accessible and enriching educational experience.

Strengthening Research and Innovation

Research is often the backbone of a globally competitive education system. India’s expenditure on research and development, however, remains low at around 0.65% of its GDP, compared to developed nations like the US, which spends over 2.5% of GDP on R&D. Increasing this funding could significantly improve India’s reputation as a research-friendly destination, attracting international students and faculty with diverse backgrounds and interests.

Conclusion

Higher education plays a crucial role in shaping individuals, societies and the world at large. In today’s interconnected, globalised landscape, internationalising higher education has become essential to equip students for success in a complex, diverse global environment. Embracing global perspectives, encouraging cultural exchange and building partnerships with international institutions can position India as a leading force in the global education arena. 

India has taken significant steps towards internationalising its education system, however, the path faces hurdles in funding, infrastructure and quality alignment with global standards. NEP 2020, scholarship programmes and global partnerships are promising initiatives, yet improvements are needed to attract a more diverse student base and help India establish itself as a true global education hub.

Smile Foundation’s Mission Education programme works to bridge these gaps by promoting inclusive, high-quality education, echoing the goals of India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which seeks to revitalise the system through international collaborations and a more multidisciplinary approach.

Aligned with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, Smile Foundation aims to create a learning environment that empowers children with both academic knowledge and critical life skills, preparing them to engage with the world beyond the classroom. Through partnerships and community support, the programme addresses barriers to education and advocates for accessible learning experiences, nurturing a new generation equipped to contribute meaningfully to society and the global workforce.

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Education

As teacher shortage spikes, NGOs step in to lead the way

As teacher shortage spikes, NGOs step in to lead the way
As teacher shortage spikes, NGOs step in to lead the way

As a child, when Mangal Pandey said that he aspired to be a teacher, people around him were proud. “But, when I said the same thing when I was a teenager, it was met with scorn and people felt that I was keeping my aspirations too low,” says Pandey, CEO of Key Education Foundation and a former Teach for India fellow. “There is a poor perception of teachers in society, which is linked to their salary and image. A teacher is no longer seen as a respected figure, which was not the case two decades ago. It’s sad that people value education but not educators,” says Pandey.

Poor perception and inadequate compensation, combined with a host of other factors such as long working hours, inadequate training and lack of opportunities for professional development has led to a shortage of teachers in India, especially in rural areas.

How acute is the problem?

According to a 2023 report by NITI Aayog, the apex public policy thinktank of the Government of India, there are over one million teacher vacancies in the country, with rural areas facing acute shortages. Some rural schools operate with only one teacher, which has a huge impact on educational quality as it also limits individual student attention. 

This issue gets worse at the secondary school level. According to UNESCO’s State of the Education Report for India 2021, the pupil-teacher ratio (PTR) at senior secondary schools is 47:1 as against 26:1 of the overall school system, making personalised instruction challenging, reports Financial Express.

According to UNESCO’s 2021 report, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh stand out among Hindi heartland states for having the highest number of teacher vacancies. Uttar Pradesh and Bihar each report over 100,000 open positions, the largest figures nationwide. Over 60% of these vacancies are concentrated in rural regions, with Uttar Pradesh leading at 80%. Madhya Pradesh has the country’s highest count of single-teacher schools, totalling 21,000. Approximately 7.7% of pre-primary, 4.6% of primary, and 3.3% of upper-primary schools employ underqualified teachers, says the Financial Express report.

“There is a shortage of teachers in government schools. You have schools where teachers are managing multiple classrooms by clubbing students. They also play multiple roles – that of a teacher, principal and administrator,” says Pandey. “The government also allocates resources based on the number of students admitted to schools. So there are schools in Karnataka where there are only 20-30 students in the entire school and one teacher. The problem is that the children are of various age groups and educational levels and the same teacher has to handle all of them.”

Why is teaching no longer an attractive profession?

Though education is valued, teachers in many regions, especially in rural areas and government schools are paid low salaries. Many schools lack proper classrooms, teaching materials, toilets and drinking water, making it difficult to attract and retain teachers.  According to NITI Aayog’s report, many schools lack basic facilities like libraries, ICT resources, and proper sanitation. To address this, the NITI Aayog’s Project SATH-E has piloted reforms in select states like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha, focusing on merging small schools, enhancing teacher training and building “leader schools” to act as models, says a report in Financial Express. 

Teachers are often unwilling to work in remote, underdeveloped areas where schools have poor infrastructure and lack amenities. They are often required to perform a variety of duties beyond teaching, such as administrative work, supervising exams, handling extracurricular activities and also often roped into election work.

“I used to teach English to students from class 9 to 12. Apart from my regular duties, I also had to work on weekends whenever school events were organised and none of the teachers were paid for working overtime,” says Sindhu Balakrishnan, who gave up teaching three years ago. “Even during the pandemic, once the lockdown lifted, we were supposed to go to the office and conduct the online classes though students were still not coming to school. And we had to use our own data, for which we were not reimbursed. I finally switched over to content writing, which pays better and has better working conditions,” says the Chennai resident.

Add to that the fact that there are very few opportunities for professional development and growth, unlike other professions. Limited or no access to modern methods of teaching or opportunities to upskill themselves leads to lack of professional satisfaction. 

All this leads to absenteeism, especially in rural areas. According to the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2021 conducted by Pratham, nearly 20-25% of teachers in rural areas are absent on any given day. This impacts the availability of teaching staff. 

Experts also feel that though there are regular recruitment drives by state governments, the number of teachers required to meet the growing student population has not kept pace with demand. Also, according to the Financial Express article, 69% of teachers in private schools and a significant number in government schools work without secure job contracts, which in turn affects teacher motivation and retention.

What can NGOs do?

“NGOs need to focus on capacity building of teachers as often they have no opportunity to improve their skills. NGOs can ensure that teachers in the geographical area that they work in are getting trained by DIET (Institute of Educational Training) institutes,” says Pandey, adding that NGOs can bring in innovative methods, latest technology and latest methodology in teacher training.

He says there is also a need to educate parents. “You cannot see the teacher as the sole person to educate your child. NGOs should empower parents to understand what they need to do as parents and supplement the role of a teacher. We need to have a societal approach to education and not just pin all responsibility on the teacher,” says Pandey. 

When innovation is key

Some NGOs have been focussing on providing training and upskilling programmes for teachers to improve the quality of education. This includes capacity building, technology-enabled learning that supports teachers in remote or underserved areas through digital platforms and tools and support for continuous professional development by creating networks and communities for teachers to share resources, experiences and best practices.

Others have set up community-based learning centres where trained locals, including women and youth, can serve as teachers. Example: Barefoot College has been working in rural areas to train local women as solar engineers and these women also take on educational roles, helping bridge the gap in community teaching.

To overcome the lack of qualified teachers, especially in remote areas, some NGOs have introduced tech-driven solutions, such as e-learning platforms that give teachers and students access to online resources, interactive learning modules and virtual classrooms. 

A few NGOs also partner with government bodies to help recruit and deploy teachers in areas facing acute shortages and engage in policy advocacy to raise awareness about teacher shortages and advocate for better recruitment practices, salaries and working conditions for teachers. 

However, they do face some stumbling blocks. For one, they need long-term funding to continue teacher training and deployment. Scaling up successful models from a few schools or districts to the entire country can be difficult. Aligning NGO efforts with government policies and systems can sometimes be challenging due to bureaucracy or policy constraints.

Searching for solutions

Solutions proposed by the National Education Policy (NEP) include restructuring contracts, increasing teacher training, and integrating foundational literacy programs to bridge educational gaps, says the Financial Express article.

And NGOs have been stepping in to help. NGOs such as Team Everest that provide academic support to children after school hours. “We run tuition centres in nine villages in Tamil Nadu. In all, they serve 600 students. Since many parents are illiterate, children struggle to do their homework and that’s where our centres step in to help,” says Karthee Vidya, founder, Team Everest, which also provides scholarships for school and college students in rural TN.

Smile Foundation focus on the capacity building of teachers. The main aim of the teacher training sessions is to update and upgrade the teaching learning techniques and methodologies in teachers and help classrooms become more interactive, vibrant and fun. Smile Foundation has conducted 72 stimulating and interesting engagements with more than 400 teachers and principals. The major topics in focus were inquiry-based and activity-based learning, classroom management, child pedagogy and multilevel child centric teaching. Experiential learning training on maths and science, and lesson planning and effective delivery of curriculum to achieve optimal learning outcomes were also focussed on.

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Smile

Children’s Day- Teach them to think, not what to think

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Not long ago, when the millennials were school students, most of them relied on the teachers to spoon-feed them with the answers that were important for the exams. The trend of filling in the answer sheets as per the bookish language, was considered to be a sign of intelligence of the student. However, with the changing times, being a bookworm has become outdated, as experiential and creative learning has proven to be more effective for a student’s mind. This Children’s Day, it is time to acknowledge the benefits of experiential learning to ensure that our children understand the importance of learning beyond textbooks knowledge. 

Being a Bookworm- #NotSoCoolForSchool 

Books are indeed our best friends, but to mug up every word by word of a book isn’t its true purpose. One must understand that books are an avenue to expand horizons of knowledge and imagination. With this concept, the term “experiential learning”, has paved its way as a trending topic on educational platforms. 

What is Experiential Learning?

Experiential learning focuses on providing learners with meaningful, hands-on experiences. After engaging in these activities, learners reflect on their experiences and discuss them with peers to analyse the challenges they encountered and how they addressed them. The next phase involves generalisation, where learners connect their insights to real-world situations and explore how these lessons can be applied in both similar and diverse contexts.

Inspired by this teaching methodology, the NCERT director Dinesh Prasad Saklani, mentioned that “Learning has to be joyful, not stressful”. He emphasises that children must be encouraged to think innovatively. With this aim and with alignment to the National Education Policy 2020, the STEM pedagogy has been introduced to ensure that students garner quality and conclusive education through experiential learning.

With additions of modules to understand the country’s development and achievements, along with yoga the aim is to offer students a holistic learning environment that enhances their learning skills and fosters their ability to be intrigued beyond bookish knowledge.

Is STEM the way to go? 

STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) is the new pedagogy that has been introduced for young learners to have a conclusive experiential learning experience where their mental skills are expanded to enhance their curiosity, problem-solving skills, self confidence through learning and task accomplishment ability.

Benefits of STEM Education 

  1. Out of the box thinking

Through STEM, educators can interact with students through practical experiments that can give students a first hand experience. Through STEM, students and educators can create a learning environment that pushes both of them to think out of the box solutions, rather than following the traditional approaches. 

  1. Real Learnings go a long way 

Something that has been learned through experiments makes a bigger and impactful sensory experience. Therefore, STEM promotes an authentic learning experience where students are trained to tackle real life and world problems. The objective is to train students from an early age to think and act for the bigger and real world, so that from the start, they have adapted critical thinking skills giving them an edge to be ready to face any sort of challenges in their future. 

  1. Keep Curiosity out of the bag 

One of the primary benefits of STEM education is that it encourages students to be curious. As it is an interactive pedagogy, STEM is based on discovery, discussion, ideation and innovation encouraging students to keep their minds open for new learnings. It makes the learning process engaging to be discussed and practised beyond the classroom, keeping students curious to learn more. 

  1. Better Social Skills  

STEM encourages students to learn the value of working together. With practical experiments done together as a team, this method of learning often helps students to communicate better, have an increased sense of patience and enthusiastic participation skills fostering a sense of confidence and better communication skills from very early on. 

Children’s Day & STEM for all  

As India’s educational reforms adopt new pedagogical approaches such as STEM and STEAM, it has become imperative to ensure that every child regardless of their socio-economic background, is given the opportunity to garner quality education through STEM and STEAM education. 

India’s Rural educational landscape has improved over the years, with an increased number of girl child students in schools and less drop out rates, however, the challenges like lack of quality education and educators, safer space for girl child in schools, gender inequality in classrooms and accessibility still prevail. 

Therefore, in such a scenario, Smile Foundation has been working closely with socially economically disadvantaged communities of India ensuring that children from such communities do not get left behind from the ambit of quality education. 

Our Mission Education programme has adapted itself to the principles of the NEP 2020 thereby ensuring that our teaching modules are aligned with STEM education so that our students also leverage on the benefits of STEM education, grooming themselves with critical thinking and problem solving skills, enabling them to be confident learners who too are ready for the real world challenges.

To provide a comprehensive and healthy learning environment for our students, under our Shiksha Na Ruke campaign, we have established-

  • 12 STEM locations where students have been given STEM DIY kits for experimenting their learnings. 
  • English and Science labs, along with Maths learning tool kits 
  • Green infrastructure, Digital classrooms, solar panels, smart class installations, learning software and education tablets. 
  • Career guidance, counselling and regular life skilling sessions 
  • Extracurricular activities provisions by supporting students with sports material and musical instruments 

Our goal is to foster a scientific mindset in our students by providing them with the training and resources needed to enhance their critical thinking skills, promote a deeper understanding through inquiry and logical reasoning, and prepare them to thrive in the competitive workforce of tomorrow.

With the support of our partners, we have witnessed the positive results of STEM education in the development of our students. This approach is empowering our learners to harness the transformative benefits of STEM, equipping them with the essential skills needed to face the challenges of the real world with resilience and innovation.

Join Us This Children’s Day

If you believe that many more children should be empowered with the opportunity to sharpen their skills and unlock their full potential this Children’s Day, partner with us in spreading education and smiles to our young learners.

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Smile Insights

Mental Health Support- Not a One-off Area of Focus

Mental Health Support- Not a One-off Area of Focus
Mental Health Support- Not a One-off Area of Focus

Mental health is an essential pillar of our overall well-being, yet it has historically been overshadowed by physical health. It’s only in recent years that conversations around mental health have gained momentum, but these discussions often occur in cycles, spiking around awareness days and tragic news events before fading back into the background. 

However, mental health isn’t a one-off topic; it deserves consistent, ongoing attention. Addressing mental health issues isn’t just about preventing crises but about enhancing quality of life for everyone. In both India and across the globe, the stigma, lack of resources and insufficient awareness around mental health continue to be major obstacles that hinder progress. Thus it is necessary to explore mental health as a sustained priority and the social, economic and cultural dynamics at play.

Mental Health on the Global Stage

Globally, mental health issues are a major cause of disability, affecting one in every eight people according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Mental health conditions cost the global economy over $1 trillion annually due to reduced productivity, absenteeism and high healthcare expenses. Anxiety and depression are among the most common disorders, affecting an estimated 264 million and 280 million people, respectively. 

Unfortunately, the situation has worsened post-COVID-19, with reports showing a 25% increase in mental health disorders worldwide since the pandemic began. These numbers represent real lives impacted due to mental health struggles that go largely unaddressed in policy frameworks. While high-income countries fare somewhat better in terms of awareness and access to mental health services, low- and middle-income countries still struggle with limited infrastructure and funding.

The Indian Landscape

In India, the mental health crisis is equally alarming but is compounded by social stigma and inadequate resources. The National Mental Health Survey (NMHS) of 2016 estimated that around 15% of India’s adult population suffers from mental health disorders, which is a significant number considering the country’s vast population. However, only one in ten of those affected receives adequate treatment due to a severe shortage of mental health professionals. India has only 0.3 psychiatrists per 100,000 people, far below the WHO’s recommended minimum, catering to its population of 1.4 billion. The lack of specialised care and community support for mental health conditions leaves many sufferers in isolation, often unable to seek help.

Furthermore, stigma significantly hinders access to mental health services, especially in rural areas where mental illness is often linked to shame, family dishonour or supernatural beliefs. The fear of social ostracism keeps many from recognising their struggles. Addressing this requires targeted interventions to improve mental health literacy across India, focusing on community-based programmes to reduce stigma effectively.

The Role of Policy

On a policy level, both India and the global community have taken steps to address mental health, though much remains to be done. India’s Mental Healthcare Act of 2017 was hailed as progressive, granting people the right to access mental healthcare and banning the inhumane practice of chaining and shackling mentally ill individuals. However, implementing this law has proven challenging due to limited resources and an insufficient mental healthcare infrastructure.

The WHO has championed a global Mental Health Action Plan aligning with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.4 which aims to promote mental health and integrate healthcare services, but adoption rates vary across countries. The slow pace of implementation is concerning, as untreated mental health issues impact individuals, families, public health, safety and economic productivity. Addressing this requires systemic changes that ensure accessible, affordable and non-discriminatory mental healthcare.

Socioeconomic Determinants and Cultural Context

Socioeconomic factors like unemployment, poverty, lack of education and discrimination all drive the mental health crisis. Mental health disorders occur 2-3 times more frequently among those living in poverty. In India, where over 68% survive on less than $2 a day, financial stress worsens mental health issues. Low-income groups face heightened vulnerability due to survival stress, limited healthcare access and marginalisation, highlighting the need for a social justice perspective. Addressing these root causes is essential for improving mental health outcomes.

Culture also influences how mental health is perceived and managed. In many countries, including India, mental health issues are often downplayed or dismissed entirely. Mental illness is frequently perceived as a weakness or personal failing rather than a legitimate health condition. This cultural barrier deters individuals from seeking help and compounds their struggles in silence. A collective cultural shift that normalises mental health challenges is essential to foster openness and encourage timely intervention.

Prioritising Mental Health Education and Awareness

Raising awareness and understanding of mental health support is a crucial step towards long-term change. Educational campaigns that destigmatise mental illness, increase literacy about mental health conditions and promote empathy can go a long way in reshaping societal perceptions. In addition, school-based programmes that teach children and adolescents about mental health as well as workplace support, like stress management workshops and mental health days can help address the issue, benefiting society as a whole.

Digital mental health solutions, like mobile apps, helplines and tele-psychiatry, are expanding access to care, especially in resource-scarce areas like India. Globally, telehealth platforms like BetterHelp and Talkspace have expanded mental health services to people who might otherwise lack access. However, digital solutions have their limitations. They cannot replace in-person care or reach populations in rural areas with limited internet access or digital literacy. Digital interventions must therefore be part of a comprehensive mental health strategy, rather than a standalone solution.

Smile Foundation and Mental Health Support

Mental health cannot be a focus solely on designated awareness days or moments of crisis. It requires a year-round, systemic commitment from policymakers, communities and individuals alike. Across the globe, the barriers of stigma, insufficient resources and socioeconomic inequality must be dismantled to create an inclusive mental health landscape. By prioritising mental health on par with physical health, we can enable every individual to lead a fulfilling, productive life.

Smile Foundation, through its Mission Education initiative, is making mental health an integral part of holistic child development by conducting regular sessions on emotional well-being for children across its learning centers. Recognising that mental health isn’t a one-time conversation but a continuous necessity, these sessions provide children with coping tools, encourage open discussions about feelings and create a supportive environment. This approach helps children navigate their emotional landscapes from an early age, laying a strong foundation for mental resilience.

In addition to raising awareness, the initiative also aims to break down the stigma often associated with mental health in underserved communities. Through interactive sessions led by trained educators, children are encouraged to voice their experiences, helping them understand that seeking support is a strength, not a weakness. The Mission Education programme, supported by Smile Foundation, stands as a crucial step toward a future where mental well-being support is a sustained priority, empowering children to grow with confidence and emotional strength.

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Nutrition

Minimum Diet Diversity Failure (MDDF): A Bane for Our Children

Minimum Diet Diversity Failure (MDDF): A Bane for Our Children
Minimum Diet Diversity Failure (MDDF): A Bane for Our Children

77% of Indian children aged between six and 23 months do not have the minimum diversity in their diet as suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO). States—Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh—have the highest prevalence of Minimum Diet Diversity Failure (MDDF) in the country, according to the report published by the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in the National Medical Journal of India. The study was conducted in 707 districts across the country. Of which, 43 districts have more than 90% MDDF, 249 districts have MDDF scores between 80% and 90%, and only 95 districts have a score below 60%.

WHO confirms that about 35% of child deaths and 11% of the total disease burden are related to nutrition-related factors across the world. According to the WHO, about 156 million children aged below five years are estimated to be stunted, 50 million children are estimated to be wasted, and about 42 million children are estimated to be obese across the world in 2015.

What is Minimum Diet Diversity (MDD)?

Diversity in diet has always been recognised as one of the significant factors of high-quality diets. For it is an important factor to meet essential nutrients’ requirements. Minimum Dietary Diversity is nothing but an evaluation used to assess the variety and quality of food intake within a specific population. It is often used to measure the adequacy of a person’s diet. It is based on the idea that a more diverse diet, incorporating a wide range of food groups, provides a better chance of meeting nutritional needs and improving overall health.

By considering MDD as one of its core indicators, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set up a set of guidelines with respect to feeding practices of children aged between 6 and 23 months. According to the WHO, MDD is the consumption of four or more food groups from the seven recommended food groups. The recommended food groups are

  1. grains, roots, and tubers
  2. legumes and nuts
  3. dairy products
  4. flesh foods (meat, fish, poultry, and organ meats)
  5. eggs
  6. vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables
  7. fruits and vegetables

It means that a child is most likely to consume at least one animal-source food and at least one fruit or vegetable in addition to a staple food in a day. By consuming adequately diversified food, one can improve intake of nutrients. It in turn will lead to better nutritional status.

Importance of Minimum Diet Diversity

MDD plays the role of a simple and effective indicator of dietary quality and nutritional adequacy. Some of the key reasons why MDD is important for understanding and improving nutrition are discussed below.

  1. Micronutrient Coverage: A diverse diet increases the likelihood of meeting a range of essential requirements of micronutrients like vitamins A, C, iron and zinc and other nutrients like protein and fiber. Undiversified diets often lack important nutrients. This in turn leads to malnutrition or poor health outcomes.
  2. Prevention of Deficiencies: MDD helps identify populations that are at risk of micronutrient deficiencies. These deficiencies can have long-term health impacts, including stunting, weakened immune systems and cognitive impairments, particularly in children.
  3. Promotes health growth and development: Children who consume a more diverse diet are more likely to achieve optimal weight gain, cognitive development and overall health. Similarly, when pregnant women consume a diverse range of foods, the risk of complications like anemia, preterm birth and poor fetal growth can be reduced. MDD is a key determinant of healthy growth and development.
  4. Malnutrition: Low dietary diversity is strongly associated with both undernutrition like stunting and overnutrition like obesity and diabetes. MDD serves as a useful tool in identifying populations at risk on both ends of the spectrum. This in turn helps to prevent and cure malnourishment in children.
  5. Effective and low-cost indicator: MDD is easy to measure and does not require expensive or complicated tools or laboratories. It simply requires a food recall and a classification of food groups consumed, making it a practical tool for large-scale surveys, especially in low-resource settings. It is often used for global health assessments and intervention programmes.

How does Minimum Diet Diversity Failure (MDDF) affect children? 

Time and again, studies reinstate the need to meet MDD standards set by the WHO because of its negative health outcomes on children. But nutritionally adequate and diversified foods are consumed only by a few children across the world. One of the main reasons for undernourishment in children in developing countries is MDDF. Their diets are mostly based on staple foods and seasonal fruits and vegetables with no or few animal products. Research links more than two-thirds of malnutrition-related deaths in children with inappropriate and poor feeding practices during the initial 24 months of their life.

A study published by the National Library of Medicine says that only one-fourth of infants aged between six and 23 months meet the dietary diversity standards. Children who do not meet this standard after 6 months of age are prone to becoming nutritional deficiencies can also lead to smaller adult stature, impaired cognitive development and growth stunted. Also, nutritional deficiencies can also lead to smaller adult stature, impaired cognitive development and growth retardation. This in turn might impact their academics leading to low economic productivity.

One of the most common consequences of inadequate dietary diversity is iron deficiency. This in turn leads to anemia. Anemia in children impairs oxygen transport in the blood, leading to fatigue, weakness and developmental delays. Severe iron deficiency can even affect cognitive function and school performance.

Similarly, poor dietary diversity leads to vitamin A, D, zinc, and calcium deficiencies. While vitamin A deficiency can lead to night blindness and increase susceptibility to infections, children with low zinc intake may have a higher risk of infections, stunted growth and impaired cognitive development. Calcium and vitamin D deficiencies can lead to impaired bone development, rickets and other skeletal issues.

Lack of essential nutrients like iron, zinc, iodine and omega-3 fatty acids can impair cognitive function, leading to learning difficulties and delayed speech. Nutritional deficiencies during critical periods of growth can have permanent effects on brain structure and function, resulting in lower IQ and reduced school performance.

Deficiencies in nutrients like vitamin B12, folate and iron have been linked to irritability, poor concentration, and depression in children. Lack of nutrients like vitamin A, D and C, and zinc can weaken the immune system of children. Poor immune function leads to frequent illness, which further reduces a child’s ability to absorb nutrients, creating a vicious cycle of poor health and malnutrition. Infections deplete essential nutrients and hinder recovery, worsening nutritional deficiencies.

Stunting is the result of chronic malnutrition during the first 1000 days of a child. Stunted children may have permanent developmental delays. This condition is often associated with long-term cognitive impairments, poor school performance and lower economic productivity in adulthood. At the same time, acute malnutrition can lead to wasting (being underweight for height). Wasted children are at a much higher risk of death from infections and other diseases. Malnourished children are at higher risk of developing chronic diseases like cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity in adulthood.

Experts suggest that children need more energy and nutrient-dense foods to grow and develop during their first two years of life. They term the stint an opportunity to prevent malnutrition. They need high nutrients in addition to breast milk even to sustain normal development during this period. Because they are prone to frequent diseases like infection and diarrhea. Hence, it is highly recommended to provide safe, adequate, appropriate and frequent feeding to children to attain optimal growth.

Smile’s Nutrition intervention

Smile Foundation’s nutrition initiatives, strengthened by strategic partnerships, are creating impactful change in combating malnutrition and promoting dietary diversity among underserved communities in India. One standout project is the Nutrition Enhancement Program (NEP), launched in collaboration with the PepsiCo Foundation and the Sangrur District Administration, which has surpassed its targets, directly impacting over 16,000 beneficiaries and reaching approximately 45,000 individuals in Punjab’s Sangrur district. This three-year initiative focused on improving the nutrition of pregnant women, lactating mothers, and young children across 23 villages and 27 Anganwadi Centers, significantly reducing anemia rates and improving maternal and child health.

The NEP’s comprehensive approach included training Anganwadi workers, conducting over 260 health camps, establishing community kitchen gardens and building capacity in local schools. The programme also developed recipe booklets and ran anemia awareness sessions, addressing stunting, malnutrition and inadequate diet diversity—issues that impact women and children disproportionately. In alignment with India’s Poshan Abhiyaan, the programme exemplifies how multi-sector partnerships can yield transformative results for community health, ultimately contributing to India’s broader goals for nutritional security. Through these initiatives, Smile Foundation continues to advocate for sustainable health solutions, focusing on vulnerable populations and fostering community resilience through education, empowerment and holistic care.

Moving from bane to boon

MDDF in children can have wide-ranging effects on their physical, emotional and cognitive development. It increases the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, growth stunting, delayed motor and cognitive development and poor health outcomes. In the long term, it can also set the stage for chronic diseases and poor educational outcomes, undermining a child’s ability to reach their full potential. Ensuring that children have access to a diverse, nutrient-rich diet is a fundamental aspect of promoting their healthy development and preventing both immediate and long-term health issues.

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Women Empowerment

Are there No Jobs for Women?

From Low-Cost Labour to High-Value Skills: India’s Crucial Next Phase
From Low-Cost Labour to High-Value Skills: India’s Crucial Next Phase


A higher status of women participating in a country’s workforce indicates a better economic outcome, and, in reality, it is a key indicator of a nation’s overall growth. At a time when inflation looms large with living expenses soaring leaps and bounds, family expenses are no longer borne alone by the men in the families. With times changing and more awareness around gender equality, more women are coming out of the house to earn their living. However, women’s participation in the male-dominated public workspace continues to be fraught with challenges.

According to Indian Census data (2011), the female population is 587 million, constituting 48 per cent. Yet, only 29 per cent of women over fifteen are in the workforce.

While data suggests that India’s female labour participation rate (FLPR) has increased in the last decade, an increase from 25.3% in 2017-18 to 35.6% in 2021-2022 and 37% in 2022-23, it still lags behind the male FLPR, which was 78.5% in 2022–2023. While female workforce participation increased in urban India, it has only decreased in rural areas.

What are the specific challenges here?

Workplaces have never treated men and women on equal grounds, with most of it being perceived as male-dominated. The gender pay gap continues to remain large despite equal levels of qualifications along with widespread sexual harassment of women in all fields of employment. In addition to this, women are frequently denied work opportunities owing to motherhood, with many workplaces still denying maternity leaves. Deserving women who work twice as hard to show themselves are commonly passed over for promotions. Even when there are suitable women who are just as competent in handling the tasks, it is not unknown how top positions are passed on to males.

Gender biases to denying maternity leaves

Almost daily, women face gender biases and discrimination at workplaces, being casually brushed at them. Gender bias may storm in various forms – from being offered lesser pay treatment in certain ways to denying maternity benefits. Reports and research suggest that there exists a typical discrimination against women who are married and haven’t had children. Many companies worry that new women hires may soon take maternity leave. Pregnant women or those with young children often face disadvantages, both in recruitment and in seeking workplace opportunities due to this. This insufficient maternity support can deter women from seeking leadership roles early in their careers. On the other hand, long maternity leave policies might impact women’s participation in the workforce if they dissuade employers from hiring or advancing women of childbearing age. These lead to less jobs for women.

Many companies fear that they may go into a maternity break soon after onboarding. Pregnant women or women with young children are at a relative disadvantage, both during the recruitment process as well as vying for opportunities at the workplace. Lack of adequate maternity provisions can discourage women from pursuing a leadership track from a very early stage.

On the other hand, too long a leave may undermine women’s labour force participation if it discourages employers from hiring or promoting women of childbearing age. This exacerbates the job-hunting difficulties for several women, causing a setback to the overall drive to increase women’s participation in the workforce. 

Growing gender pay gap

Gender disparity in wages and pay has been a global concern for about a century, caused by deep-rooted systemic barriers that women face when trying to advance to higher-paid leadership roles. A McKinsey survey shows that women are significantly less likely to be chosen or hired for managerial levels than men in a corporate workplace, pushing them to hit a “broken rung” on the career ladder, which can stall their career progression. These barriers can largely limit women’s access to career advancement and, over time, result in lower salaries.

In addition, women may choose to work part-time or take time off to care for children or families owing to social structures. While these choices may be necessary for personal reasons, they also limit women’s earning potential over time as they are frequently penalised in their careers for choices thrust on them. This lets them be passed over for promotions and important projects, as they are perceived as less hard-working or dedicated than their male counterparts.

Lack of infrastructure leads to a lesser women-led workforce; no jobs for women

Adequate sanitation facilities and infrastructure are needed for women’s participation in the workforce and a lack of has negative consequences for women. Unhygienic latrines often become a significant reason for women avoiding workplaces. Lactating mothers, menstruating women, elderly women and others – often need access to clean bathrooms to avoid health issues. Further, women in India continue to feel unsafe while using public transport to commute to work. With the lack of safe public transport options after late evening and a lack of gender diversity in public spaces, women are often discouraged from their homes to venture out alone. 

Are there no jobs for women?

For Indian women, sexual harassment is an abhorrent reality of their daily lives. Women often struggle with complaints against harassment cases because they are not adequately and sensitively addressed by employers despite the increased awareness surrounding sexual harassment instances. Employers who have partially or completely implemented the law’s provisions are either ignorant of them, and even those that do have members with inadequate training. Women perceive sexual harassment differently than men do, and their orientation to dispute–resolution processes are likely to differ as well. This gender bias is likely to discourage women from reporting complaints.

Smile Foundation and women in workplaces

At Smile Foundation, we believe in empowering women in all spheres of life. Through our Swabhiman initiative, we strive to empower more and more women to contribute to the overall economic advancement of society in addition to more jobs for women. We understand that the two most significant challenges women often face in the workplace are discrimination and gender bias, and therefore, through our programme, we work to create a safe, supportive environment that values gender equality and diversity. The bottom line is that women who are significantly empowered benefit society and themselves. 

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Smile Insights

Cultural Sensitivity Crucial for Behavioural Change

Cultural Sensitivity Crucial for Behavioural Change
Cultural Sensitivity Crucial for Behavioural Change

India is home to over 1.4 billion people and is marked by immense cultural, linguistic, religious and socioeconomic diversity. With more than 2,000 distinct ethnic groups and over 1,600 spoken languages, India presents a unique challenge for behavioural change efforts. 

Behavioural change is not a one-size-fits-all endeavour. Whether it’s promoting sexual health, encouraging eco-friendly habits or advocating for equality, understanding the cultural context of the place in question plays a fundamental role in the success or failure of these initiatives. This is especially true in diverse and complex societies like India, which is cultural sensitivities, historical practices and deeply entrenched social norms—such as gender roles, caste-based discrimination and regional traditions—greatly influence how communities respond to new ideas. 

Significant urban-rural disparities in access to resources, education and healthcare make uniform change challenging, as communities have differing needs and resistances. In this context, introducing new concepts is often slow, taking years to yield tangible results.

The Power of Cultural Sensitivity in Shaping Behaviour

Culture influences almost every aspect of human life, from language and religion to social expectations and rituals. People’s behaviour is largely shaped by the values they hold and the norms they follow. To bring about any form of behavioural change, especially in areas like sexual health, education and gender equality, an in-depth understanding of these cultural values is essential.

For instance, in many societies, topics such as sex education and sexual rights are seen as taboo or inappropriate for discussion. In such cases, introducing new ideas without considering cultural sensitivity can lead to resistance or even backlash. This is particularly true in countries like India, where cultural and social norms often conflict with modern, progressive concepts.

The Case of Comprehensive Sexuality Education in India

One of the most significant examples of cultural sensitivities affecting behavioural change can be seen in the implementation of Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) in India. Despite its success in many countries around the world, introducing CSE in India faces several challenges due to cultural taboos surrounding sex and sexuality.

In many regions of India, discussions around topics such as puberty, sexual consent, contraception and gender equality are either outright discouraged or considered inappropriate, especially in educational settings. Traditional gender roles, religious beliefs and even misconceptions about sexuality all contribute to resistance against such education.

Without acknowledging these cultural nuances, attempts at introducing CSE can quickly turn into controversies, as parents, communities and educators may perceive it as foreign or threatening to their way of life. For example, a curriculum that doesn’t consider the local sensitivities may inadvertently stigmatise certain groups or push ideas that are not aligned with the community’s values.

Approaching Behavioural Change with Cultural Sensitivity

To successfully implement behavioural change programmes in such contexts, it is important to tailor the initiatives in ways that respect and incorporate local values. Here are some key approaches to consider:

1. Building Trust and Local Engagement

Programmes that engage local leaders, parents and educators can build stronger trust. For instance, in the Swachh Bharat Mission, community leaders and local influencers helped advocate for toilet use, making sanitation changes more acceptable. This engagement helped eliminate open defecation across many regions by connecting the change to local priorities like health and dignity. Similarly, Janani Suraksha Yojana engaged local birth attendants and community health workers to promote institutional deliveries, bridging the gap between traditional childbirth practices and safer, hospital-based births.

2. Use of Local Language and Narratives

Delivering education through culturally relevant language and stories is essential. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao used culturally resonant messaging to emphasise the importance of girls. Poshan Abhiyaan involved anganwadi workers who spoke the local language and understood local dietary habits, making it easier to promote healthier food choices in a way that fit into traditional eating practices.

3. Gradual Introduction of New Concepts

Gradual introduction helps communities ease into new ideas. Mission Indradhanush (Universal Immunization Program) worked gradually to build community trust around vaccination. Local health workers and religious leaders helped introduce the concept of immunization slowly, explaining health benefits in a culturally sensitive way that reduced resistance over time. In Maharashtra’s Comprehensive Sexuality Education programme, concepts were carefully introduced in digestible stages to reduce resistance. 

4. Flexibility in Implementation

Adapting programmes to suit local needs can increase effectiveness. The Child Marriage Prevention programme in Rajasthan worked with religious leaders to frame delayed marriage in a way that respected cultural values. This flexible approach saw success, as communities became more open to delaying marriage when it aligned with familiar religious and cultural ideals. Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (PMUY), which provides free LPG connections to low-income women, adapted its outreach by enlisting local women and highlighting benefits such as reduced health risks and convenience, which resonated with families accustomed to traditional wood stoves.

5. Highlighting Positive Role Models

Local role models can make change more relatable. By training traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in Jharkhand, the government was able to bridge the gap between modern healthcare and respected local practices, reducing maternal mortality rates. The TBAs, respected community figures, helped create acceptance for maternal health improvements.

6. Sensitivity to Social Hierarchies

Addressing social hierarchies helps ensure that all community members can benefit from initiatives. For example, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao addressed gender bias by involving local leaders and respected community figures to support gender equality. By aligning with local hierarchies, the programme was able to promote positive change without challenging established social structures too aggressively, helping ensure its acceptance.

The Long-Term Impact of Cultural Sensitivity

When behavioural change initiatives are culturally sensitive, they not only increase the likelihood of success but also help foster long-term societal transformation. In the case of CSE, this means that young people are more likely to absorb the information, internalise it and use it in their own lives. Over time, such initiatives can reduce stigma, increase awareness and create a more informed and progressive society.

Furthermore, when cultural nuances are considered, initiatives are less likely to provoke backlash, making it easier to sustain long-term change. By addressing local fears and misconceptions with empathy and understanding, the community can become an ally rather than an obstacle in the change process.

Empowering Communities Through Tailored, Culturally Sensitive Programmes

Smile Foundation’s culturally sensitive approach has led to lasting behavioural changes across diverse communities. By involving community members in every step of its programmes—such as Mission Education, Smile on Wheels, Swabhiman, Smile Twin e-Learning Programme and Child for Child—the foundation minimises resistance and nurtures authentic transformation from within. The approach goes beyond just implementing projects—it empowers communities as active participants in their own development, instilling a sense of ownership and pride in the positive changes they experience. 

Conclusion

Cultural sensitivity is not just a consideration—it’s a requirement for driving meaningful behavioural change. Whether it’s the implementation of education programmes, social campaigns or health interventions, understanding the cultural landscape and tailoring initiatives to fit local values can make all the difference. By doing so, we create an environment where change is not imposed but embraced, paving the way for sustainable and inclusive transformation.

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Women Empowerment

Moving Beyond Numbers and Data: Women Empowerment in India

Moving Beyond Numbers and Data: Women Empowerment in India
Moving Beyond Numbers and Data: Women Empowerment in India

Women’s empowerment is often measured in numbers. We hear about the percentage of women in the workforce, the gender gap in education or the number of women in leadership positions. While these statistics highlight areas of progress, they often overlook the deeper and more complex aspects of what empowerment truly means. Empowerment is not just about data on women; it’s about reshaping society to ensure that every woman has the agency, opportunities and freedom to define her own path.

Why We Need to Move Beyond Data on Women?

Statistics are useful. They can show us where we stand, help policymakers identify gaps and create awareness about gender disparities. However, when we focus solely on numbers, we risk reducing women’s empowerment to a checklist. For instance, India has made significant progress in female literacy, with the literacy rate for women now standing at around 70% (Census 2011). But literacy alone doesn’t guarantee that women have the autonomy to choose their careers, control their finances or live free from discrimination.

The World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2023 ranked India 127th out of 146 countries in gender equality. This ranking is influenced by factors like women’s participation in the workforce, gender parity in education and health outcomes, but these figures don’t capture the full picture. How many women in India are actually in positions of power? Are they treated equally once they get there? Are women in rural areas, or from marginalised communities, receiving the same opportunities? These questions demand a more comprehensive understanding of empowerment.

True Empowerment: Real Solutions Beyond Data on Women

Empowerment goes beyond data on women, require us to address cultural, economic, psychological and intersectional barriers that limit women’s full potential. Here are four crucial areas of empowerment, along with practical solutions that move beyond numbers to address real issues.

1. Challenging Cultural and Social Norms

In India, cultural norms often limit women’s rights and opportunities, affecting their lives at home, in school, and in the workplace. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 5 found that one in four women aged 15-49 has experienced domestic violence. Achieving true empowerment requires dismantling these outdated norms.

Solution: Gender-sensitive education and awareness campaigns are essential to shift mindsets. Schools should incorporate programs that teach gender equality and encourage critical thinking from an early age. Engaging men and boys in the conversation through role models and community leaders can gradually reshape attitudes. Creating community support networks, where women feel safe to share their experiences and build solidarity.

2. Economic Empowerment: More Than Just Employment

Although women’s participation in India’s workforce is increasing, many remain trapped in informal, low-paying jobs without growth opportunities. The Gender Gap Report 2023 shows that women in India earn around 20-30% less than men for similar work. For women to be economically empowered, they need more than just jobs; they need real economic independence.

Solution: Skill-building and entrepreneurship programs tailored to local needs can help women secure better jobs or even start businesses. Initiatives like Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in rural India offer women access to microfinance, enabling them to achieve financial independence. Mentorship programmes, which pair women with experienced professionals, can also help them gain confidence, negotiate better salaries and develop their careers. Flexible work arrangements and equal pay policies are critical for creating fair opportunities for women in the workforce.

3. Psychological Empowerment

Empowerment includes psychological strength—the confidence to make independent decisions about one’s body, career and life. Unfortunately, self-doubt and fear of social judgment still prevent many women in India from reaching their full potential.

Solution: Mental health support and mentoring programmes can be transformative. Establishing counselling services and support groups in schools and workplaces provides a safe space for women to build confidence and seek guidance. Programmes that focus on life skills and self-defence classes also empower women by reinforcing their ability to make independent decisions and feel secure.

4. Addressing Intersectionality

Women from marginalised communities, often face compounded discrimination. Intersectionality must be considered to create equitable empowerments for all.

Solution: Government and non-profit programmes should tailor their support to meet the specific needs of these communities. Offering scholarships, mentorships and targeted vocational training can empower women from these backgrounds. Engaging local leaders in outreach helps ensure that programs are culturally sensitive and accessible. Moreover, reserved positions in leadership help bring diverse voices into decision-making roles.

Empowerment is a Continuous Journey

True empowerment isn’t a destination but a continuous journey. Real empowerment lies in creating a society where women are free to make choices, live without fear and pursue opportunities to their fullest potential. We need to focus on holistic changes that improve women’s lives across every domain—economic, cultural, emotional and social.

India has made remarkable progress, but we must ensure that the changes we see in data translate into real, meaningful improvements in women’s lives. Empowerment goes beyond checking off a list; it’s about creating a world where every woman can thrive, no matter her background.

Swabhiman: Smile Foundation’s Empowerment Initiative

Unlike many initiatives that focus primarily on numbers, Smile Foundation’s Swabhiman programme aims to create real, lasting change in the lives of women from underprivileged backgrounds. The programme emphasises holistic empowerment through skill development, financial independence and educational support, including scholarships. Women in the programme receive training in various vocational fields—such as core employability, computer literacy and entrepreneurship—so they not only acquire skills to secure jobs but also develop the confidence to be self-reliant and independent.

Since its inception, Swabhiman has transformed the lives of lakhs of women across India. By providing access to a broad range of services and a supportive network, Smile Foundation is helping to shape a more equitable society—one where women from all walks of life have the opportunity to live with dignity, independence and confidence.

A Call for Change

We all have a role to play in this transformation. From policymakers to business leaders, from educators to parents, we must continue to work toward a world where women’s empowerment is not defined by numbers alone, but by the freedom and opportunity to live their lives on their terms. Let’s ensure that India’s future is one where women don’t just rise—they soar. And initiatives like Swabhiman are leading the way, showing us that true empowerment is not just about a number on a page, but about transforming lives from within.

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