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Smile

Maternal Health Care: Pregnancy is not the same for every woman in India 

Tax Savings Under Section 80G: Do Good, Receive Better
Tax Savings Under Section 80G: Do Good, Receive Better

As India takes a step each day towards progress, its laurels are worth mentioning about the advancement of India’s healthcare system. Today, India is recognised as one of the leading countries for medical facilities. Patients from countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Oman and West Africa come to India for a variety of treatments ranging from dental care to major heart surgeries and organ transplants. 

The Home Minister of India stated that from 2019 to 2021, over 825,000 medical visas were issued to foreigners, despite the pandemic and its traveling restrictions. India’s medical advancement is quite world-class, however, the scenario in the rural and urban slums of India does not look so bright. 

Maternal health care facilities in India prevail as one of the most serious challenges to overcome. Health inequity because of social determinants and lack of knowledge poses a big challenge for mothers belonging to underserved communities, as they still can’t access and leverage all the benefits of quality maternal health care. 

Why is Maternal Health Care in India still a challenge? 

Since time immemorial, women are considered the epitome of nurturing. Their role as a child bearer and mother has been glorified in our ancient literature, and why should not it be? She has the gift of creating a life. For nine months, a woman experiences physical, mental and emotional changes during her pregnancy. It becomes important for her and her child’s health to be safe during and post the pregnancy. 

However, despite several efforts by the government and other social stakeholders, maternal care in India still lacks the necessary support it deserves. Although, we aim to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030, and to an extent, we have steered the wheels towards it by achieving a Maternal mortality ratio of 97 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018-2020, India still has to overcome a set of challenges that are posing to be quite a determinant in achieving overall universal care in India. 

Maternal Care- A luxury for some women in India

The joy of motherhood is unique for every woman. While some moms-to-be have access to resources and medical support, women of lower social classes often confront daunting challenges. Many women still deal with inadequate nutrition, limited healthcare facilities, and a lack of awareness about maternal health. 

Furthermore, young mothers encounter pregnancy-related complications such as excessive blood loss, infection, high blood pressure, abortions and obstructed labor- major contributors to the most common causes of maternal mortality in India. 

The lack of access to Antenatal care (ANC) and Postnatal care (PNC) are also a serious concern. During 2019-2021 less than 60% of new mothers only had 4 ANC visits, and 20% of newborns did not receive PNC within two days of birth. 

Also, regional disparities are evident when it comes to pregnant women and new mothers receiving Antenatal care and Postnatal care. Factors such as maternal age, educational level, social groups and women’s autonomy are a few social determinants that decide whether a woman will be receiving ANC and PNC.  

Why is ANC and PNC important?

For women, Antenatal Care (ANC) and Postnatal Care (PNC) are vital for ensuring the health of both mother and child.

Definitions of ANC and PNC:

ANC monitors the pregnancy, detecting and addressing potential complications early. PNC provides support after childbirth, ensuring proper recovery and addressing any issues that may arise. Both ANC and PNC contribute to reducing maternal and infant mortality rates by promoting healthy pregnancies and births.

The importance of thorough Antenatal care and Postnatal care is even more crucial for the seamless First 1000 days of the child, the period that starts from conception till the time the child reaches the age of two. This period is critical for the development of a child, as rapid physical growth and accelerated mental development take place, making the physical and cognitive capabilities of the child that shall further shape their lives.

Thus, considering the importance of proper ANC and PNC and its necessity to effectuate a safe and healthy environment for women to birth and nurture their children, it becomes a social responsibility of every stakeholder to ensure that maternal healthcare in India is equitable and accessible to every woman of this country. 

Empowering Women with Maternal Care: Smile on Wheels

Smile Foundation is closely working at the grassroot levels, to ensure that women living in marginalised sections of society get the benefits of quality and equal maternal care. 

With firm support towards promoting government initiatives for women in India such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, and PM Matri Vandan Yojana for women, Smile Foundation has customized Smile on Wheels (SoWs)- Mobile Medical Units that aim to reach expectant mothers and newborn babies living in the remotest nooks of the nation.

Equipped with experienced doctors and paramedics along with OPD services and point-of-care test facilities and medicines, around 71 SOWs are responsible for providing quality maternal care to the rural women of India where they can come for health tests, medicines and consultations.

One such example of SOW’s maternal care to women in India is the

Story of Anju

Anju from Lakhina, Beawar, a housewife lived with her parents as her husband was away for his work in a private company. She came to SOW when she was 2 months pregnant. Being a housewife, she would often not get time to get herself regularly checked, but when she arrived at SOW, she registered on the same day and underwent a thorough check-up by the doctor. The doctor measured her BP, sugar levels and weight, while also informing her about the risk factors and danger signs of her pregnancy.

As Anju lacked substantial maternal care awareness, the doctors guided her with proper instructions for routine checkups, immunisation, diet, rest and the importance of institutional delivery. Seeing this kind of care, Anju’s mother became a regular companion of her during her checkups and soon the SOW team was informed by Anju’s mother that Anju had delivered a healthy baby boy and both mother and son were doing good.

Thus, seeing stories like Anju and the fact that since the inception of Smile of Wheels, this programme has proven to be not just a medical service facility but, as being closely connected with the rural communities, it also aids in bridging the gaps in the local health ecosystem. 

Equitable Maternal Healthcare

The idea behind SoWs is to make quality healthcare accessible for the unreachables and therefore, taking quality maternal healthcare to the doors of women living in underserved communities. This comes not with just the responsibility of providing them with required medical support, but also providing them with knowledge and behaviours that would enhance their pregnancy and childbirth. All of these efforts will turn them into agents of positive change who can spread the right awareness and practices of maternal care in the community. 

SoWs and our other health interventions, aim to provide every Indian mother with quality maternal health care during pregnancy and after childbirth. The objective is not only to provide medical assistance but also to foster positive maternal care practices within the community so that maternal healthcare in India can truly become equitable, affordable and accessible.

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Insights

Why are Children, Women and Elderly the ‘Most Vulnerable’?

Why are children, women and elderly called the ‘most vulnerable’?
Why are children, women and elderly called the ‘most vulnerable’?

Certain groups consistently find themselves at a disadvantage. Among these, children, women and the elderly are often identified as the most vulnerable.

Vulnerability, in a social and economic context, refers to the susceptibility of individuals or groups to harm due to their exposure to various risks. Children, women and the elderly are frequently categorised as the most vulnerable due to their unique physical, social and economic characteristics that make them more susceptible to harm.

Vulnerable Children

Children are among the most vulnerable members of society due to their inherent dependence on adults, exposure to exploitation, and susceptibility to health issues.

  1. Dependence on Adults Children rely heavily on adults for their basic needs, including food, shelter and protection. Their lack of autonomy and decision-making power makes them dependent on caregivers, who may not always act in their best interest.
  2. Exposure to Abuse and Exploitation Unfortunately, children are often victims of child labor, trafficking and abuse. Legal protections, while essential, are not always sufficient or effectively enforced, leaving many children unprotected.
  3. Impact of Poverty and Lack of Access to Education Child poverty has far-reaching effects, limiting access to education and perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage. No access to education, such as financial burden and gender discrimination, have long-term consequences on their future opportunities.
  4. Health and Nutrition Malnutrition and inadequate healthcare access severely impact the growth and development of children. In many parts of the world, children suffer from preventable diseases due to lack of vaccinations and medical care.
  5. Impact of Conflict and Displacement Children in war zones and refugee situations face extreme physical and psychological trauma. Displacement disrupts their lives, depriving them of education, stability and a safe environment.
  6. Climate Change Vulnerability Children are disproportionately affected by climate change, facing increased risks from natural disasters, food insecurity, and health issues. Their developing bodies and dependency on adults make them particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of a changing climate.

Vulnerability of Women

Women’s vulnerability stems from systemic gender discrimination, violence, economic disparities and reproductive health issues.

  1. Gender Discrimination and Inequality Patriarchal structures and systemic discrimination limit the opportunities and freedom of women. Gender wage gaps and restricted employment opportunities hinder women’s economic independence and empowerment.
  2. Violence Against Women Domestic violence, sexual harassment and assault are pervasive issues. Legal frameworks intended to protect women often fall short in providing real safety and justice.
  3. Reproductive Health and Rights Access to healthcare and family planning services is crucial for the health of women. High maternal mortality and morbidity rates highlight the disparities in reproductive health services.
  4. Economic Disparities Women face significant barriers to economic participation and entrepreneurship. Unpaid labor and caregiving responsibilities further exacerbate these economic disparities, limiting the financial independence of women.
  5. Educational Barriers Gender-based educational differences hinder women empowerment and independence. Lack of education limits women’s opportunities and perpetuates cycles of poverty and inequality.
  6. Climate Change Vulnerability Women, particularly in developing regions, are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Their roles in agriculture and as primary caregivers mean they bear the brunt of climate-related food and water shortages, exacerbating existing inequalities.

Vulnerability of the Elderly

The elderly face unique vulnerabilities related to health, economic stability, social isolation and technological changes.

  1. Health Issues and Access to Healthcare: Chronic illnesses and age-related health problems are prevalent among the elderly. Accessibility and affordability of healthcare services are critical issues that many older adults face.
  2. Economic Vulnerability: Retirement income and pension issues leave many elderly individuals financially insecure. Employment discrimination and forced retirement further exacerbate their economic vulnerability.
  3. Social Isolation: Loneliness is a significant mental health issue for the elderly. Community support systems are vital, but they are often inadequate or inaccessible.
  4. Abuse and Neglect: Elder abuse, both in domestic and institutional settings, is a serious issue. Legal protections and effective reporting mechanisms are necessary to safeguard the rights and well-being of older adults.
  5. Impact of Technological and Social Changes: Rapid technological advancements and social changes can marginalise the elderly, making it challenging for them to stay connected and engaged.
  6. Climate Change Vulnerability The elderly are more susceptible to the effects of climate change, such as extreme heat, natural disasters and health impacts. Limited mobility and existing health issues can make it harder for them to respond to and recover from climate-related events.

Intersectionality of Vulnerable Groups

  1. Multiple Layers of Discrimination: Individuals who belong to more than one vulnerable group often face compounded risks. For example, elderly women or children from minority backgrounds may experience intersecting forms of discrimination and disadvantage.
  2. Policy Implications: Inclusive policies must address these intersectional vulnerabilities. Integrated approaches are essential to creating effective and sustainable solutions.

Addressing Vulnerability

Effective policies and programs are important. Governments and NGOs must collaborate to provide comprehensive support and protection to vulnerable groups. Grassroots movements and community support are vital for resilience. Community-driven initiatives can effectively address local needs and challenges.

Educational programmes and advocacy efforts play a significant role in empowering vulnerable groups. Awareness campaigns and policy advocacy can drive societal change.

Then there is technology to support the vulnerable groups by providing access to resources, services and information. Examples include telemedicine for the elderly and educational apps for children.

By understanding and addressing the vulnerabilities of children, women and the elderly, we can work towards a society that values and protects all its members, ensuring that no one is left behind.

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Education

Breaking the Walls and Social Mobility with Education

Breaking the Walls for Social Mobility in Education
No step is too small when it's in the direction of your dreams.

Education is a powerful tool that can transform society by breaking down long standing social barriers and creating a more equitable system through economic and social advancements. It raises awareness about social issues and rights and fosters inclusivity by bringing diverse groups together.

Education empowers and equips marginalised communities with the knowledge and skills to improve their social status and reduce their dependence on reservations as a means of social upliftment. It further contributes to economic growth by improving employability and income levels, which can lift people out of poverty.

One of the most significant barriers to education is the economic divide. Children from the families of 1 percent income bracket generally have access to better resources, schools and opportunities. They can afford private tuition, extracurricular activities and technologies that enhance learning. In contrast, students from lower-income families often attend underfunded schools with fewer resources. This economic divide creates a gap in educational attainment and limits social mobility.

Do we need reservations in education for social mobility?

The reservation was envisioned for a certain period to facilitate social mobility and fix social injustices that took place for thousands of years to give an extra advantage to a certain set of people so they could come to a level with the rest of society. Unfortunately, the vision is not fulfilled yet and those social ills still exist. It is a segregated society even today where people from certain walks of life are still considered to be from lower social status.

It is important to educate and skill India and bring the entire youth to a level playing field to remove the reservations that otherwise lasted for longer and would become a socially discriminatory process. The history of reservations in education for lower social groups in India has its roots in the pre-independence era which was implemented in the early 20th century by the princely state of Kolhapur for non-brahmins and backward classes in 1902.

After Independence, it was formalised by the Indian constitution to address injustices faced by certain communities such as SC and ST along with the abolition of caste-based discrimination and untouchability. Later in 2019, benefits were extended based on economic criteria with the latest edition of the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) quota in the reservation system.

Though the reservation system has evolved, with various legal and legislative developments, it continues to be a topic of debate reflecting the ongoing challenge of balancing individual rights with the need for social justice and equality.

Discriminatory processes

The discriminatory processes based on caste, creed, religion, race, class, etc. need to end in our society. Otherwise, in such a scenario, taking away a single advantage they have would be unfair. However, the policies need regular revisions and implementation of selective reservation policies based on necessities and the challenges of an individual or a community. It should not be implemented nationwide, as it could be exploited.

For example, an individual who has received the best education in a top private school in a city cannot stand at an equal level with an individual who completed their schooling from a local village school with minimal resources, even if both belong to the same social class or community. 

The Social Walls leading to Social Mobility

The term ‘walls’ in the context of education refers to the barriers that hinder equal access to quality education for all social groups. These barriers can be complex and deeply ingrained in historical, social and economic contexts.

They limit access to educational resources due to factors such as economic constraints, rural-urban divide, social identity based on caste and communities, gender disparities and inclusivity issues related to disabilities or linguistic barriers for minority groups. Addressing these barriers requires efforts at multiple levels, including government policies, community engagement and individual awareness. 

Schools should celebrate different cultures to promote inclusivity

Schools need adequate funding to support teachers in meeting the diverse needs of their students. It is important to have a curriculum that includes multiple perspectives and voices to help students appreciate diversity and develop critical thinking skills.

Educators must promote an inclusive curriculum that celebrates diversity and fosters understanding among all students. Collaboration with families, local organisations and students is essential to create educational experiences that are relevant and responsive to their needs.

Additionally, schools should provide workshops for teachers to learn about cultural competency and engage with parents from diverse backgrounds. Organising school events to celebrate various cultures and inviting parents to share their traditions and stories can also contribute to a more inclusive environment.

Government should promote equitable access to education

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to address these disparities by committing to inclusive enrolment and equitable access to higher education for all social groups. By focusing on infrastructure enhancement, expanded scholarship programmes and improved career counseling. India aspires to achieve a Gross Enrolment ratio (GER) of 50 percent by 2035.

 The government should enact and enforce policies that promote equal access to education for all social groups, and invest in quality infrastructure in remote and underserved areas. This includes providing qualified teachers, proper classrooms and access to technology.

The government must also ensure that technology does not widen the gap by being accessible only to those who can afford it. Financial aid should be established and provided to support students from marginalised communities. Additionally, awareness campaigns should be run to motivate students from all social backgrounds to pursue higher education.

NGOs help in Raising Awareness

NGOs collaborate with local communities to understand their unique challenges and work together to find solutions that are culturally sensitive and effective. They also provide support towards the education of underserved children ensuring access to proper schools and important educational resources. This also helps combat child labor, as the children have the opportunity to attend school instead of being forced to work.

Among other Smile Projects, Mission Education is one of the initiatives that has reached numerous towns and villages located in the remotest locations of the country to spread the power of education by establishing learning centres. Smile is working towards raising awareness about the importance of education among the communities to convince and motivate them to increase enrollments in the learning centers, envisioning a better future for their children. Smile is contributing significantly to creating a more equitable and inclusive educational landscape, where children from all social groups have the chance to learn and thrive.

Breaking the walls between different social groups in education is not an easy task. It requires a concerted effort from educators, policymakers and communities, and donations from individuals are of a great help too. In doing so, we not only enhance the educational experience but also create a positive social mobility.

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Smile

Individual Donor Makes Difference in the Lives of Hundreds

Individual Donor Makes Difference in the Lives of Hundreds
Individual Donor Makes Difference in the Lives of Hundreds

In a world where the differences between the privileged and the underprivileged remains too big to resolve, individual donors hold the power to create change that can change the economical and mental shape of a nation. The impact of their generosity extends beyond the immediate benefits of food, shelter and education.

It spreads through communities, fostering hope, resilience and the potential for sustainable development.

The Power of an Individual Donor

The story of many successful organisations began with the compassion and vision of a single individual. For instance, Dr. Muhammad Yunus, the founder of Grameen Bank, started by lending small amounts of money to impoverished basket weavers in Bangladesh. His microfinance model has since empowered millions of people to lift themselves out of poverty.

Similarly, Scott Harrison, the founder of charity: water, started his journey after spending two years in West Africa, where he witnessed the devastating effects of dirty water. Compelled by what he saw, he returned to New York City and launched charity: water on his 31st birthday. Harrison’s initial efforts included asking friends to donate $20 for clean water instead of giving him birthday gifts. This simple act of giving grew into a global movement that has funded over 91,000 water projects and provided clean water to more than 14 million people.

These examples illustrate that the initiative of one person can lead to widespread change. When an individual engages with a cause, they are not just providing financial support but also endorsing the mission and encouraging others to participate.

Lessons for Children When Adults Give

Philanthropy is not only about financial contributions- it also serves as a powerful educational tool. When children observe adults engaging in acts of giving, they learn invaluable lessons in empathy, responsibility and community service. These lessons shape their values and attitudes towards the world.

  1. Empathy and Compassion: Children learn to understand and share the feelings of others. Seeing adults give to those in need teaches them to recognise and respond to the struggles of others with kindness and concern.
  2. Responsibility and Citizenship: Philanthropy instills a sense of responsibility. Children learn that they have a role to play in their communities and that their actions can contribute to the well-being of others.
  3. Generosity and Gratitude: Witnessing generosity encourages children to be generous themselves. It also helps them appreciate what they have and develop a mindset of gratitude.
  4. Equality and Fairness: By observing efforts to address inequalities, children understand the importance of fairness and justice. They learn that everyone deserves equal opportunities and support.

The Reality of Inequality

It is disheartening that in the 21st century, we still refer to some nations as ‘third-world countries.’ This term, rooted in Cold War geopolitics, unfairly labels countries based on their economic status and perpetuates stereotypes. The reality is that many so-called “third-world” countries are rich in culture, history and potential, yet they face systemic challenges that hinder their development.

An individual donor plays a crucial role in bridging these gaps. By supporting initiatives that promote education, healthcare and economic development, donors contribute to a more equitable world.

Promoting Equality Through Giving

Philanthropy can be a powerful tool for promoting equality. Here’s how-

  1. Access to Education: Donations to educational programmes ensure that children from underserved backgrounds receive quality education, which is a fundamental step towards breaking the cycle of poverty.
  2. Healthcare Initiatives: Supporting healthcare projects improves the quality of life and increases life expectancy in disadvantaged regions. This can lead to healthier, more productive communities.
  3. Economic Empowerment: Funding microfinance initiatives and vocational training programs empowers individuals to become self-sufficient and contribute to their local economies.
  4. Advocacy and Awareness: Supporting NGOs that advocate for policy changes helps address systemic issues. Awareness campaigns funded by donations can shift public perception and lead to societal change.

The Effect of an Individual Donor

When people witness acts of generosity, they are often inspired to give as well. This creates an effect, where one act of kindness can lead to many more, amplifying the impact.

For example, when an individual donor funds the construction of a school, they not only provide education to children but also create jobs for teachers, encourage local businesses to supply materials and foster a culture of learning in the community. The benefits of this single act of giving can influence hundreds of lives directly and indirectly.

Individual donors have the power to transform lives and communities. Through their contributions, they provide essential resources, promote equality, and inspire others to act. The founders of many NGOs including Smile Foundation’s started their journeys with simple acts of giving, demonstrating that anyone can make a significant impact.

Children learn invaluable lessons from observing philanthropy, shaping their values and future actions. As we strive for a more just and equitable world, it is crucial to recognise the role of individual donors in driving this change. By supporting initiatives that address systemic issues, donors contribute to a better future for all. The term “third-world country” may persist in rhetoric, but through collective generosity and action, we can work towards a world where such labels are obsolete, and every nation has the opportunity to thrive.

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Health

Understanding the Neonatal Burden of India

Understanding the Neonatal Burden of India
Understanding the Neonatal Burden of India

In 2022, out of every 1000 live births in India, 29 children below the age of five lose their lives. In 2021 and 2020, this figure stood at 28 and 30 respectively. Since 1990, when the mortality rate was at a massive 126.5, India has consistently managed to bring down this number. However, in the 21st century, when our world is moving into the era of advanced technology and artificial intelligence, the fact that even one child below the age of five loses their life because of reasons that could be avoided, is startling.

In India’s case, what is even a bigger concern is its neonatal burden. The United Nations data suggests that nearly 1,00,000 newborn babies in the country die because of preventable diseases and circumstances. As per reports, these diseases can be simply avoided through breastfeeding.

SDG 3.2, a key target within the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, sets a target of reducing preventable deaths of newborns and children under five to a mere 12 per 1,000 live births by 2030.  India has pledged its commitment. But the fight is far from over. Can India achieve these drastic reductions?

The National Health Mission (NHM) serves as India’s weapon in this fight. It aims to slash maternal mortality rate (MMR) to 90, infant mortality rate (IMR) to 23 and under-five mortality rate (U5MR) to 23 by 2025.  These ambitious targets highlight the urgency of the situation.

Neonatal health in India

A newborn child, below the age of 28 days, is a neonatal baby. This is also the time when the child needs extra case to ensure that they survive. According to UNICEF, 19.11 out of every 1000 neonatal children in India died in 2023.

The highest mortality rate has been witnessed in Jammu and Kashmir, followed by Madhya Pradesh, Haryana and Rajasthan. Reports have found that several factors influence the Neonatal Mortality in India, like demographics, socioeconomic status of parents, care-seeking factors and also gender of the child.

There are many reasons why some newborn babies don’t survive their first month. Some babies might be born too early (premature) or too small (low birth weight). Others might have problems during birth, like getting stuck (obstructed labour) or not getting enough oxygen (perinatal asphyxia). Infections, breathing difficulties and birth defects can also be dangers for newborns.

Around the world, many newborn babies face challenges in their first month. Some babies are born too early (preterm) or too small (low birth weight). This can make them more likely to get sick or have trouble breathing.  Other big dangers include infections, problems during birth like not getting enough oxygen, and birth defects.  Thankfully, some of these dangers, like tetanus can be prevented with vaccines. It is also important for moms to have healthy pregnancies and deliveries to help babies have a strong start.

In India, maternal malnutrition, lack of access to antenatal care, and overall quality of nutrition and healthcare are big contributors to this neonatal burden of the country. Poverty, lack of sanitation and social practices like child marriage add further to this burden because of its impact on women’s health.

How to decrease the neonatal burden?

India has committed itself to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which includes promoting well-being and ensuring good health of people of all ages. Thus, as part of a global community, India has shown its forthrightness in dealing with this issue. Apart from this, as we have seen above, there has been a consistent decline in child mortality and neonatal deaths in the country. However, there is still a long way to go.

Government policies like National Health Mission (NHM) are focusing on improving overall maternal health and ensuring newborn health. There is an increase in awareness around the needed care for newborn babies, providing nutritional support to mothers and developing hyperlocal infrastructure. The Indian government’s Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is formulated to promote institutional deliveries with the aim of solving this problem.

In addition to government initiatives, the non-government organisations are also working on the ground to provide essential support in reducing the neonatal burden. This is primarily through awareness around nutrition, childcare and supporting maternal health. There is a need for contribution of private sectors to provide solutions to this problem. It is only by developing infrastructure like premium quality neonatal ICUs at local level that we can ensure that newborns under the threat of losing their life can be provided necessary medical attention when needed.

Technology as part of the solution

One of the biggest shifts happening today are the technological advancements that are helping us to find innovative solutions to some of the biggest challenges. In healthcare, telemedicine, smart ICUs, mobile health solutions, etc., are already leading to a noticeable impact. These innovations also used in our healthcare programme are allowing healthcare facilities to reach remote areas where they could not reach previously. It also reduces the cost-burden a lot by bringing in effective low-cost solutions.

Therefore, when it comes to neonatal deaths and maternal health, these technological innovations can play a pivotal role. It can be used to provide consultation to new mothers through mobile, spread awareness and equip the local healthcare staff to deal with complex cases by providing them guidance from the medical experts without any geographical constraints.

Overall, what India needs to solve the problem of its neonatal burden is a collective action from all the stakeholders. A part of this solution is for the general population to raise more awareness around it, so as to prod the governments to take necessary action. As the youngest country in the world, India needs to focus on solving these problems in order to reduce its overall economic burden and achieve faster growth.

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Smile

Stories of Social Entrepreneurship from Grassroots Initiatives

Stories of Social Entrepreneurship from Grassroots Initiatives
A two-day Local Fund Raising (LFR) refresher training programme in New Delhi

Social entrepreneurship seamlessly integrates business principles with a dedicated focus on social or environmental impact. Unlike conventional entrepreneurship, which often centers solely on profitability, social entrepreneurs prioritise generating societal value. They pinpoint unaddressed needs, devise sustainable remedies and gauge success not only by financial metrics but also by social and environmental achievements.

Given their intimate connection to the communities they serve, social entrepreneurs possess unparalleled insights into local dynamics, challenges and the bespoke solutions necessary to address them.

Though these initiatives start with limited resources, they possess immense passion and determination. By mobilising community resources and building partnerships, grassroots entrepreneurs can affect meaningful change where it is needed most.

Social Entrepreneurs in India that are empowering grassroots 

  • Urvashi Sahni, Founder & CEO of SHEF

A renowned social entrepreneur whose organisation the Study Hall Education Foundation has been empowering underserved children with educational support by providing them with engineering or business scholarships. 

  • Hanumappa Sudarshan, Founder of Vivekananda Girijana Kalyana Kendra

An awardee of the Padma Shri Award, Hanumappa Sudarshan runs a well-known non-governmental organisation that works to provide quality education in rural India. 

  • Anshu Gupta, Founder of Goonj 

An awardee of the Ashoka fellowship and Social Entrepreneur of the Year award, Gupta’s NGO- Goonj has been meticulously working to ensure equal urban-rural distribution of items, where his NGO collects basic amenities from the urban section to distribute among low-income families and street children in India.

Looking at the phenomenal work of some of the best social entrepreneurs in India, the future of the social entrepreneurship landscape in India seems promising. Smile Foundation is working in India for over 20 years and is helping the grassroots levels of India with their problems. 

The Smile Foundation’s – ‘Change the Game‘ Academy has been working closely with Indian grassroots organisations across the country to empower them with resources and support that enable them to keep going forward with their initiative for their community. 

Successful Grassroots Initiatives by Social Entrepreneurs with Smile Foundation

Janki Vasant, Founder of Samvedna Trust Gujarat

A survivor of the Panama flight attack, Janki wanted to do more with her life after surviving the attack. She started Samvedna, with 70 children and seed funding from Smile Foundation to ensure that children and women get holistic nutrition, education and skill development. Over the years the partnership with Smile Foundation enabled Janki to expand Samvedna and benefit over 300,000 beneficiaries. 

After joining Smile Foundation’s programme, Janki learned the importance of documenting good work on paper to have a safer and transparent working module and the future of the organisation. 

Sandeep & Sunita Bhatnagar, Founder of Jupiter Academy, Uttar Pradesh

With a strong knowing in his heart, Sandeep never equated true contentment in life with money. In 1998, he started his social entrepreneurship journey of educating children. From an 8×6 ft room and two students, Sandeep began working towards educating children, later joined in by his wife.

Both of them laid the foundation of Jupiter Academy to empower underserved children with quality education. However, due to a lack of resources, their efforts were going in vain until the time they got the required support.

Today, the couple has successfully branched out their efforts in Lucknow with 8 branches of Jupiter Academy.

Prafulla Kumar Panda, Founder of Udiyaman Matrukshetra, Odisha

When just a college student, Prafulla Kumar Pande and his friends already knew that they had to do something for their community and its future. With a strong determination to empower their village’s children with education, the group started the Udiyaman Matrukshetra. It is a haven for children of the tribal community to come and garner quality education. 

The Udiyaman Matrukshetra partnered with Smile Foundation to develop their education center where they were supported with all the resources they required to continue their mission of empowering tribal children with quality education. Today, the Udiyaman Matrukshtera is a name represented by alumni studying in reputed universities and successfully established professionals in different fields. 

Change the Game Academy- Results of Social Entrepreneurship

Our Change the Game Academy is specially designed to cater to the new-age problems of the India grassroot communities with new-age solutions. Keeping itself aligned with the UN’s Sustainable Development programme’s core of – “no one shall be left behind”, the academy aims at supporting community initiatives that shall help the community grow holistically while paving the way for a brighter and financially sustainable future.

By helping over 1400 community-based organisations, the academy is successfully empowering organisations across India. These grassroots organisations get training and support to align their goals and plans with a sustainable method. 

Change the Game Academy has helped organizations with- 

  • Fundraising training 
  • LFR activities training
  • Maintaining transparency through published annual reports
  • Donor expansion and retention 
  • Funding from Individual donors

Empowering social entrepreneurs is a win-win for all. It is through social entrepreneurship communities shall get closer. By involving stakeholders in the decision-making process, they build trust and ownership, leading to more sustainable outcomes. 

The aim is to solve social problems by applying advanced thinking in the day-to-day operations of the organisation. By using technology for grant-making techniques, and innovation to expand large-scale systemic thinking, the grassroots initiatives will move towards success.

The Change the Game Academy aims to make social entrepreneurship effective through rigorous measurement and evaluation of impact. It trains the upcoming social entrepreneurs to collect data and feedback. They can continuously improve their interventions and demonstrate their effectiveness to stakeholders.

In today’s time, grassroots initiatives are the real game changers of social entrepreneurship. These passionate individuals are turning their vision into reality, one community at a time. Thus, by learning from their successes and challenges, we can build a better future for generations to come.

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Education

No Forced Labour, Only Education for Children

No Forced Labour, Only Education for Children
two children happy in their own world captured by the Smile Foundation photography team

In October 2014, an Indian man received the Nobel Peace Prize for his commendable work in the field of child rights (saving children from child labour). He shared the stage with Malala Yousafzai that year, a girl from Pakistan who was recognized for her courageous work for upliftment of girls and fighting for their education while going against Taliban and getting shot at because of it.

The man is Kailash Satyarthi. In 2023, Satyarthi published a book with the title ‘Tum Pehle Kyu Nahi Aaye’ (Why did you not come sooner?), detailing his journey of rescuing children from exploitative conditions, sometimes putting his own life in danger.

While these stories cover a wide range of issues like child abuse, domestic violence, gender discrimination, etc., one of the themes that kept re-appearing was the dark reality of child labour. In India, it is prohibited for anyone to employ a person who is below the age of 14 under the Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) 1986. However, the implementation of this act has always been a challenge because of the many ways in which it can be violated.

The (lack of) data on child labour

The 2011 census found that 10.12 million children in the country out of the 259.65 million were employed as child labourers in different capacities, whether a household help or working in hazardous situation at factories and mines. This is a staggering number, especially because the Child Labour Act had been in force since more than two decades before the 2011 census report. Since then, India has not conducted another censure and, therefore, it is difficult to find the official data related to child labour.

While the current official figure from India is not available, the global trend in child labour is distressing to say the least. According to a 2021 report by International Labour Organization (ILO) and UNICEF, the number of children who can be classified as child labour has increased by 8.4 million globally, taking the total number to 160 million. The biggest of the reasons for this increase has been the challenges posed by Covid-19 pandemic which forced marginalized people across the world into precarious survival conditions, thus pushing them to put their children to work.

The child labour trend in India, until 2011 when the last census report was published, was showing positive signs and continuous decline in the number of children out of school or working as child labour. However, a Parliamentary Standing Committee report titled National Policy on Child Labour – An Assessment – revealed that India’s commitment to achieving the United Nation’s global SDG of eliminating child labour by 2025 was ‘practically not possible’. While the report made several recommendations to move in the direction of eliminating child labour, it also highlighted many loopholes in the current laws and the preparedness to achieve the goal.

Concerns regarding child labour in India

The recommendations and highlighted concerns range from-

  • the ambiguity of current laws and the legal definition of child labour,
  • the economic conditions of many Indians living below the poverty line,
  • the lack of tough punishment for those employing children for work, and
  • the ways in which the existing law can be misinterpreted to employ children in hazardous activities.

However, the government has been taking actions to deal with these ambiguities and it further amended the 1986 Child Labour act in 2016 to add new provisions including the provisions for prohibition of employing adolescents in the age group of 14 to 18 years in occupations defined as hazardous.

Thus, the amended act not just prohibits employment of children within the age group of 5 to 15 years, it also prohibits employment of adolescents (14 to 18 years) in scheduled hazardous work processes. This shows that India is committed to eliminating child labour and is working consistently in that direction.

Having said that, the lack of data and stories of children suffering fatal consequences of being employed in seemingly safe work conditions continue to appear in the media. Most of these stories emerge from the urban centres, while the reality of smaller cities/ towns and rural India when it comes to child labour is still in dark.

The number of children employed in agricultural activities, small factories and manufacturing units, and domestic work can only be ascertained through a nationwide dedicated survey.

Education, not exploitation of children

While data and numbers are important to understand the problem of child labour, we don’t need staggering numbers to tell us that the problem needs to be solved. The physical and psychological impact on a child who is forced to work at a tender age can be immense. When we see children on the streets begging for food and money, selling small items, collecting scrap or engaged in other activities- it reminds us of the dire situations in which many children live in India.

There is a human tendency to protect children and, therefore, it is a natural desire to ensure that no child ever has to labour at an age where they should be free to play, explore, learn and grow. The negative impact of child labour is not just immediate, but also long term.

The children forced into work at a school-going age are deprived of the possibility of a good future. Without education, these children are pushed into a life with no way to come out of the vicious circle of poverty and drudgery.

Therefore, when we talk about child labour, we must also talk about education for children. The Right to Education act in India mandates free education for everyone till the age of 14. Further, there are various scholarships provided by Indian government for adolescents who want to study further and go off to colleges. The prohibition of child labour and the right to education work in tandem.

A developing nation cannot become developed without the welfare of its children

A developing nation like India must ensure that all of its children have access to good quality education. They must have the right conditions to make something good of their lives. So, the journey of ensuring that every child gets the childhood that he or she deserves is a long and difficult one. This is why it requires that everyone comes together like you can do it here supporting Smile Foundation to make this a reality where no child ever has to pick up work tools instead of a book.

Categories
Women Empowerment

Important Legal Rights of Women in India

Getting Women Out of Their Homes: Problems and Solutions
Swabhiman- smilefoundation’s women empowerment program certified more than 160 women under the financial literacy training during the Certification Ceremony held on 28th March 2023 at Shashi Garden, Delhi.


India has a rich history that has shaped its legal landscape over centuries. Throughout this journey, the legal system has evolved to reflect the changing social and cultural dynamics of the nation. However, despite considerable progress, women have historically faced significant disadvantages under the law.

Discriminatory and harmful laws have persisted, perpetuating inequality and injustice. In response, a movement advocating for legal reform has gained momentum. It strives to ensure fairness and equality for women across India. While significant strides have been made, there remains a substantial amount of work ahead. This blog provides a comprehensive overview of the legal rights of women in India and the laws in place to protect them.

Rights of Women in India

  1. Right to Maintenance: The Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, guarantee the right to maintenance for married women. This right ensures that every married woman has the legal entitlement to financial support from her husband, even if they are not living together. Section 24 of the Hindu Marriage Act allows either the wife or husband to seek monetary assistance if they lack the means to support themselves.
  2. Right to Equal Pay: The Equal Remuneration Act of 1976 mandates equal pay for equal work. This legislation prohibits gender-based discrimination in remuneration and ensures that both male and female workers receive fair compensation for similar roles or tasks.
  3. Right to Dignity and Decency: Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees every citizen, including women, the right to life and dignity. Various legal provisions, such as Section 354A of the Indian Penal Code and the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013, aim to protect women from harassment and violence, both in public spaces and workplaces.
  4. Right against Domestic Violence: The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, provides comprehensive protection to women facing domestic abuse. Section 12 of this act allows women to seek legal recourse against perpetrators of domestic violence, ensuring their safety and well-being.
  5. Rights at Workplace: Women have the right to a safe and discrimination-free work environment. Legislations like the Equal Remuneration Act of 1975, the Maternity Benefit Act of 1961, and the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act of 2013 safeguard women’s rights in employment and ensure their well-being.
  6. Right against Dowry: The Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961 prohibits the practice of dowry, aiming to eliminate dowry-related harassment and abuse against women. This act ensures that women are not subjected to undue financial burdens or mistreatment in marital relationships.
  7. Right to Free Legal Aid: The Legal Services Authorities Act of 1987 guarantees women access to free legal assistance when they are unable to afford it. This right ensures that women can seek legal redress and representation without financial constraints.
  8. Right to Self-Defense: Section 100 of the Indian Penal Code grants every individual, including women, the right to self-defense against violence or assault.

Without fear

While India has made significant progress in safeguarding women rights through legislative measures, challenges persist in their effective implementation. Issues such as lack of awareness, cultural norms and weak enforcement mechanisms continue to hinder the full realisation of women rights. It is important to address these obstacles and work towards creating a society where every woman can exercise her rights without fear of violence or discrimination. Only through sustained efforts like Smile Foundation‘s can India truly achieve gender equality and justice for all its citizens.

Categories
Education

Are Report Cards relevant anymore?

Are Report Cards relevant anymore?
Are Report Cards relevant anymore?


In institutional education, few artifacts wield as much influence as the humble report card. These seemingly innocuous documents, often overlooked in their significance, are the focal point of an interesting journey into the history of school education. Wade Morris, a seasoned high school history teacher, published a book titled, Report Cards: A Cultural History.

The Genesis of Report Cards

Morris traced the inception of report cards back to the tumultuous era of the 1830s and 1840s. In common schools, teachers faced the dual challenge of garnering parental support and maintaining discipline among unruly students. What emerged from this experimentation was a means of academic assessment that quickly became a tool of control, crafted by educators at the grassroots.

Evolution and Impact

Over the centuries, report cards evolved from rudimentary assessments to powerful instruments with far-reaching implications. Report cards devolving from their initial purpose became agents of motivation, anxiety and even self-loathing. Despite their inherent flaws, report cards wield a remarkable influence. They shape not only the educational landscape but also college admissions, job applications and juvenile corrections systems.

Unveiling the Power Dynamics

Central to the discourse is the notion of report cards as instruments of documentation and surveillance. Drawing from the insights of Michel Foucault, these seemingly innocuous documents became conduits of power, exerting control through the prism of documentation and surveillance. In the educational ecosystem, report cards wield a unique influence, shaping power dynamics and perpetuating systemic norms.

While researchers and scholars acknowledge the entrenched nature of report cards within the educational milieu, they also invite introspection and exploration of alternative paradigms. There is a need for critical consciousness—a self-awareness beyond tradition and embracing the complexities of the modern educational system. As we understand the tension between assessment and learning, we shall arrive at a more holistic approach to education.

Holistic Progress Report (HPC)

Traditional report cards have undergone significant transformations, reflecting the need for a more comprehensive evaluation approach. The recent introduction of the Holistic Progress Card (HPC) by the National Council for Educational and Research Training (NCERT) marks a revolutionary step towards redefining how we assess student progress.

Gone are the days when students were evaluated solely based on their academic performance at the end of the year. With the HPC, assessment becomes a continuous process, encompassing inputs from various stakeholders including parents, classmates and students themselves. This student-centric evaluation approach not only focuses on academic achievements but also delves into cognitive abilities, socio-emotional skills, and creativity. The shift towards a holistic assessment framework is in alignment with the National Curriculum Framework for School Education (NCFSE) nurturing well-rounded individuals.

At the heart of the HPC lies the idea of working on self-awareness and self-esteem among students. By involving them in evaluating their own performance and their peers, the HPC promotes a culture of reflection and growth. Furthermore, parental involvement in the assessment process provides valuable insights into the learning journey of a child outside the classroom. It strengthens the home-school partnership.

There is excitement about it

The implementation of the HPC has been met with enthusiasm, with several states and CBSE schools embracing this innovative assessment model. Through successful pilot studies and feedback mechanisms, the NCERT has iteratively refined the HPC to suit the diverse needs of students across different age groups. Plans are also underway to digitise student records, streamlining the assessment process and ensuring easy access to student progress data.

Looking ahead, the HPC seems determined to play an important role in shaping the future of education in India. By providing a comprehensive evaluation framework that goes beyond traditional academic metrics, the HPC empowers students to take ownership of their learning journey. As we continue to adapt to the changing educational landscape with innovative initiatives like the HPC contours a more inclusive and student-centered approach to assessment.

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Smile

Moving towards Socially Conscious Businesses

Moving towards Socially Conscious Businesses
Sila studies in Class 4 at Smile Foundation’s Mission Education Centre in Kandhamal, Odisha.

The rise of socially conscious businesses is a significant shift in how companies operate and interact with society. Businesses are built for the society, using the resources of the society, which is only fair, if it contributes to the social welfare too or at least doesn’t cause harm to the society.

These enterprises are not solely driven by profit- they are motivated by a mission to contribute positively to the world. This new business ethos is a response to growing consumer demand for ethical practices and sustainable products, as well as a broader societal call for corporate accountability.

The concept of social consciousness in business is not entirely new. However, its growing influence in mainstream business models has surged in recent years. Socially conscious businesses prioritise the welfare of people and the planet alongside their financial goals. They strive to address social issues such as poverty, inequality and environmental degradation through their operations and outreach.

What’s a socially conscious business?

Here are a few attributes that make a business be characterised as not only generating profits but also contributing positively to society and the environment-

Purpose beyond profit

Socially conscious businesses have a clear mission that includes making a positive impact on society and the environment. Companies that adopt this approach can drive significant change due to their resources and influence. They can create an effect that encourages other businesses to follow suit, leading to a more equitable and sustainable economy.

Integrity beyond profits

These businesses operate with a high level of integrity and ethics. Their core beliefs include ensuring fair wages, safe working conditions, environmental responsibility and other sustainable practices to reduce waste and minimise their carbon footprint. Instead of focusing solely on short-term gains, they plan for long term goals . These turn out to be economically profitable for the business considering the future impact of their actions.

Business stakeholders

Business stakeholders comprise employees, customers, suppliers and the community where they operate. To make the business sustainable and profitable in the long run, socially conscious businesses must understand their needs and expectations to make more informed and responsible decisions. Businesses can also support local initiatives, encourage employee volunteerism and contribute to the welfare of society beyond CSR.

The ‘Triple Bottom Line’ Approach

One of the key frameworks guiding socially conscious businesses is the triple bottom line, which emphasises the three P’s: People, Planet and Profit. This approach encourages companies to measure their success not just by financial performance but also by their impact on society and the environment. It’s a holistic view that promotes a balance between economic growth and the well-being of all stakeholders.

Consumer-centric

Consumers wield significant power in shaping the direction of businesses. This consumer influence is a driving force behind the growth of businesses that prioritise social impact. Socially conscious businesses are responsive to consumer demands for ethical and sustainable products that include developing new products or services that benefit society. 

How to transition into a socially conscious business?

While the transition to a socially conscious business model is commendable, it is not without challenges. Balancing profitability with social impact requires innovative thinking and often, a restructuring of traditional business practices. To help the businesses achieve this balance we can adopt the following strategies-

Setting clear goals: Develop clear and comprehensive CSR goals that align with the expectations and priorities of key stakeholders. Companies can use metrics to track progress and make necessary adjustments to their strategies accordingly to ensure relevance and effectiveness. It also ensures CSR gets the necessary resources without compromising business goals. 

Technology and Innovation: Technology plays a crucial role in enabling businesses to achieve their social goals. From clean energy solutions to social media campaigns that raise awareness, the possibilities are endless. Companies can leverage technology to improve efficiency, reduce waste and create products that benefit society. Innovations also help in cost saving and give efficient results in the long run.

Communication is the key: When you communicate with investors and other stakeholders of your business about ESG matters and maintain transparency, it builds trust for the long run and also demonstrates the company’s commitment to care for the well-being of society. When you communicate, consumers also become aware of the business insights and willingly contribute toward the economic upliftment of the business.

Sustainable operations: Companies must adopt a holistic sustainable approach to their operations. Fair wages, work-life balance, supporting human rights and diversity in the workplace will make your employees happy and hence improve production. Managing a socially responsible supply chain ensuring product safety and implementing stringent quality controls are also paramount. Further collaborating with other businesses and learning from each other’s experiences can help build a socially responsible business community.

Accountability is important: Accountability is the key to ensuring the board’s commitment to CSR. Companies can use their data of ESG performance metrics and narrative accounts to show stakeholders how the company is achieving its purpose and improving sustainability to achieve their trust. This will allow for the pursuit of both social impact and financial goals simultaneously. 

The Future Awaits More Socially Conscious Businesses

The future looks bright for socially conscious businesses. As awareness grows and more companies adopt this approach, we can expect to see a more responsible and responsive corporate world. Society is moving towards sustainable lifestyle choices and healthier options- socially conscious businesses have a great future and a long way to go.

The shift towards socially conscious businesses is a testament to the changing priorities of both consumers and corporations. It represents a new era of business where success is measured by more than how soon it breaks open into Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). As this movement gains momentum, it paves the way for a future where businesses are partners in building a better world like corporates can do with Smile Foundation here.

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