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Education

Making Attendance not the Single Criteria for Rural Schools

Learning How to Learn- National Education Policy 2020
Making Attendance not the Single Criteria for Rural Schools

Correlation is not causation, goes an important saying in the field of research. It means that just because two events occur in correlation to each other, it does not prove the fact that one event is occurring in response to the other.

In life, we tend to form many assumptions, primarily those that help us find simple solutions to complex problems. This is one of the many cognitive biases that we possess and it may be extremely harmful to us when it comes to making sense of the world around us, taking important decisions, or framing policies.

One such assumption that many people may have been that ensuring a high student attendance in classrooms is a sure shot way of improving their academic performance. However, there is no direct correlation between higher attendance in the classroom and better learning.

This can be proven from the not-so-surprising results of the latest ASER (Annual Survey of Education Research) report which has revealed that only 25 percent of rural teenagers in India are able to read a vernacular text fluently. This is the situation even when 86 per cent of rural teenagers attend the school regularly.

The ASER report, which is released by Pratham Education Foundation, has been exposing the difficult situation of Indian education system, especially in its rural region and has been a talking point for years. The reports published regularly highlight the learning levels of students in rural and semi-urban areas, sometimes to the point that a student in class 8th is not able to read 3rd standard textbooks or solve mathematical formular of a much-lower grade.

Focus on Student Attendance

Rural education in India has been a subject of concern ever since Independence. While the urban areas could benefit because of economic boom, especially in the post-liberalization era, the rural population continued to rely on insufficient public education infrastructure.

Added to this were a myriad of social barriers like gender bias, lack of awareness regarding education, and general apathy of parents, that kept the rural children away from schools for decades.

One of the biggest government interventions in this area was the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan that was launched in the year 2001-2002. The goal of the program was to provide universal access to elementary education in India by establishing schools in areas that did not have any such infrastructure.

The vision of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was much-suited for the problem of that time when there were not even sufficient primary schools in the country. This meant that students, if enrolled in primary schools, had to sometimes walk for several kilometres to reach the nearest facility.

The purpose and aim of the program were to bridge this gap, spread awareness, and motivate the parents to send their kids to schools. The School Chalein Hum campaign became an important milestone in this journey.

Following this, another initiative from the Government of India was Right to Education, which made free and compulsory education available to students in the age group of six to fourteen years. These initiatives ensured that millions of students entered the schooling system within a span of a few years.

Over the years, a focus on infrastructure capability building and ensuring attendance of students has led to a positive trend in this direction. However, the problem today goes beyond that. While we addressed the issue of improper infrastructure and short-attendance at the time when it was needed, we have probably not been able to make a pivot as per changing needs and requirements.

Beyond Attendance and Infrastructure

As we ensure that more and more rural students attend the schools, there is also an urgent need to provide quality education. This is because results cannot be achieved merely by ensuring physical presence of students in a classroom.

Parents who come from comparatively affluent backgrounds in the rural regions are also giving preference to local private schools over government institutions because of the same reason. Studies have also shown that there is an aspirational factor when it comes to parents choosing a rural private school for their children.

This may be attributed to the fact that rural government schools do not enjoy a good reputation among the community and many expert-level reports solidify this belief. While this perception may vary from state to state, the overall perception still remains the same.

We can understand this with a thought-experiment. If you are a parent living in any part of the country and if you can afford a private education for your kid, what would you choose? The answer is easy to guess. Therefore, rural schools are not just struggling with a problem of quality and insufficient infrastructure, but also a huge perception deficit.

Another important aspect that rural schools need to focus on is digital inclusion. With internet penetration increasing across the country and new-age technology like Artificial Intelligence becoming a new normal, these schools cannot continue to follow the old patterns of teaching. An integration of modern technology is a must for providing equitable education to the majority of the students in the country.

The Way Forward for Rural Schools

Over the years, we have seen some positive experiments in this area, both by non-government and government organizations. Smart classrooms are being created in various public schools across the country. Apart from this, there is also a focus on bringing rural schools up to speed with the rapid changes in education delivery.

While this may seem like a huge task to achieve, the capability in India’s public sector and CSR through partnerships with Smile Foundation’s Mission Education program cannot be ignored. With right focus and direction, a positive shift can be expected in this area in the coming years. But to do that, we need to move our focus merely on attendance of students to the quality of education, infrastructure, new-age technology, and much more. This is the need of the hour for millions of rural students in India.

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Women Empowerment

The Increasing Number of Women in Boardrooms

The Increasing Number of Women in Boardrooms
The Increasing Number of Women in Boardrooms

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in discussions surrounding gender diversity in corporate leadership across various industries worldwide. As we talk more vigorously about equality and equity, it is imperative to reflect on the strides made in advancing women representation on corporate boards, particularly within India Inc., while also acknowledging the challenges that persist in achieving true parity.

According to a recent report by Deloitte Global Boardroom Program titled Women in the boardroom: A global perspective, there has been a gradual but significant increase in the number of leadership roles of women in boardrooms within India Inc. over the past five years. In 2023, women held approximately 18.3% of board seats, reflecting a positive upward trend from 13.8% in 2018 and 17.1% in 2021. While this progress is commendable, it falls short of the global average of 23.3%, indicating the need for accelerated efforts to bridge the gender gap in corporate boardrooms.

Despite the upward trajectory, achieving gender parity on boards remains a formidable challenge, particularly in light of the prevailing disparity between male and female representation. The report highlights the imperative for India Inc. to adopt a paradigm shift in its approach towards boardroom diversity. It emphasizes the importance of prioritizing capabilities over traditional roles and underscores the need for nurturing a robust pipeline of talented women leaders.

Revaluating a few things

One of the key barriers to gender diversity in corporate leadership is the prevailing preference among companies to recruit board members with CEO or CFO experience. This trend poses a significant challenge to pipeline development, hindering the progress towards achieving gender parity and thus more women in boardrooms. To address this, there is a pressing need for organizations to reevaluate their recruitment criteria and prioritize inclusivity and diversity in board appointments.

While the increase in the number of women in boardrooms is a positive development, it is essential to delve deeper into the quality of representation and the extent of women’s influence in corporate decision-making processes. The report introduces the concept of the “stretch factor,” a research tool that measures the average number of board seats held by an individual.

How has India fared?

In India, the stretch factor among women increased marginally to 1.32 in 2023, indicating a slight improvement in their representation. However, compared to men, whose stretch factor remained unchanged at 1.20, women continue to face challenges in accessing leadership positions and holding multiple board seats. This underscores the urgent need for concerted efforts to expand the pool of women leaders with diverse skill sets and experiences.

Despite the progress made in increasing women representation on corporate boards, there are persistent challenges that warrant attention. Notably, there has been a decline in the number of women chairing boards in India, with only 4.1% of women holding chair positions in 2023, down from 4.5% in 2018.

However, there has been a positive trend in the number of women assuming CEO roles, with 5.1% of CEOs being female in 2023, compared to 3.4% in 2018. These figures highlight the importance of nurturing women’s leadership talent and creating opportunities for them to ascend to top executive positions within organizations.

What is doing well?

In terms of sectoral trends, the report identifies the life sciences & healthcare sector as leading the way in gender diversity, with 21.3% of women serving on company boards. This is followed closely by the technology, media, and telecommunications sector, where women comprise 20.5% of board members.

Other sectors such as consumer business, manufacturing, and financial services have also witnessed an increase in women representation on boards, albeit at varying rates. These sectoral insights underscore the importance of sector-specific interventions to promote gender diversity and inclusivity in corporate leadership.

In conclusion, while there has been progress in increasing women’s representation on corporate boards within India Inc., there is still much work to be done to achieve true gender parity.

By challenging traditional norms, fostering inclusive cultures, and investing in the development of women leaders, organizations with the help of development organisations like ours, Smile Foundation, can create a more equitable and diverse corporate landscape that benefits businesses, employees, and society as a whole. Let us reaffirm our commitment to advancing gender equality and creating a future where women have an equal voice and opportunity in shaping the corporate world and beyond.

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Smile

Gender Stereotyping Bad for Both Girls and Boys

Gender Stereotyping Bad for Both Girls and Boys
Gender Stereotyping Bad for Both Girls and Boys

Gender stereotyping, deeply ingrained in societies worldwide, has long been recognized as a barrier to gender equality and societal progress. From limiting the career opportunities of women to shaping societal expectations of men and women, these stereotypes have far-reaching consequences that affect both boys and girls. In India, where cultural norms often dictate gender roles and expectations, the impact of gender stereotyping is particularly pronounced, hindering the advancement of women in professional, political, and social spheres.

Globally, gender stereotyping has historically played a significant role in restricting women access to education and professional opportunities. For centuries, traditional gender roles dictated that men are the breadwinners and decision-makers, while women relegated to domestic roles. This societal expectation has made it challenging for women to enter male-dominated professions and leadership positions. Moreover, gender stereotypes have perpetuated the belief that women are less capable than men in certain fields, further marginalizing them in the workforce.

How is India placed in all this?

In India, despite significant progress in recent decades, gender stereotyping continues to impede women’s advancement in various sectors. In politics, women remain vastly underrepresented, constituting only a small fraction of elected representatives at the national and state levels. Similarly, in the corporate world, women continue to face barriers to leadership positions, with boardrooms dominated by men. These disparities reflect deep-rooted gender biases that perpetuate the notion that women are inherently less suited for leadership roles.

Moreover, gender stereotyping extends beyond professional settings and influences social interactions and expectations. From childhood, boys and girls are often subjected to different sets of rules and expectations based on their gender. Boys are encouraged to be assertive, ambitious, and dominant, while girls are taught to be nurturing, submissive, and domestic. These stereotypes not only limit individual potential but also reinforce harmful gender norms that perpetuate inequality.

Is India taking some constructive step?

The launch of the Combating Gender Stereotypes handbook by the Supreme Court of India marks a coveted moment in the ongoing battle for gender equality. Acknowledging the pervasive influence of archaic language and patriarchal norms within legal discourse, the handbook signifies a crucial step towards dismantling entrenched biases. Through alternative gender-just terminology and a call to challenge outdated perceptions, the handbook serves as a practical tool to empower judges and legal practitioners to foster a more inclusive and equitable legal system.

However, while the handbook represents a significant stride forward, it is merely the beginning of a much-needed cultural shift. Beyond legal frameworks, efforts to combat gender stereotypes must extend to all facets of society, including education, media, and social norms. By fostering self-awareness, conducting sensitization programs, and advocating for systemic change, we can collectively work towards creating a world where gender equality is not just an aspiration but a fundamental reality.

Interventions: 360 Degrees

To address the pervasive impact of gender stereotyping, it is essential to challenge these norms at every level of society. One approach is to promote gender-sensitive education that encourages critical thinking and challenges traditional gender roles. By integrating gender equality into school curricula and promoting inclusive teaching practices, educators can help students recognize and challenge gender stereotypes from a young age.

Additionally, fostering open and inclusive discussions about gender within families and communities can help break down stereotypes and promote gender equality. Parents and caregivers play a crucial role in shaping children attitudes and beliefs about gender, and by modeling egalitarian behaviors and challenging gender norms, they can help create a more equitable society.

Furthermore, creating opportunities for girls and boys to engage in activities traditionally associated with the opposite gender can help challenge stereotypes and promote inclusivity. Whether through extracurricular activities, community programs, or sports, providing children with opportunities to explore diverse interests and roles can help break down gender barriers and foster mutual respect and understanding.

In the workplace, organizations can implement policies and practices that promote gender diversity and inclusion, such as gender-neutral hiring processes, mentorship programs for women, and flexible work arrangements. By creating a supportive and inclusive work environment, companies can empower women to thrive and advance in their careers, ultimately contributing to a more equitable society.

Ultimately, combating gender stereotyping requires collective action and commitment from individuals, communities, and institutions. By challenging traditional gender norms, promoting gender equality, and fostering inclusive environments, we can create a world where boys and girls are free to pursue their passions and aspirations without fear of discrimination or prejudice. Together, we can break down the barriers of gender stereotyping and build a more just and equitable future for all.

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Smile

Reducing Anemia in Pregnant Women and Infants of Sangrur

Do You Eat Healthy?
Do You Eat Healthy?

Anemia, marked by a deficiency in red blood cells or hemoglobin levels, remains a pressing public health concern in India, especially among pregnant women and infants residing in rural and remote regions. Despite the implementation of the Anemia Mukt Bharat programme by the Government of India, the prevalence of anemia persists, affecting an alarming 50-60% of pregnant women in the country and approximately 58% of children under the age of five are estimated to be anemic. 

The impact of anemia extends beyond physical health. It affects cognitive development, compromises immune function and perpetuates cycles of poverty. For pregnant women, anemia increases the risk of maternal complications during pregnancy, including preterm birth and low birth weight, leading to maternal mortality. In infants and young children, anemia impedes growth and development, making them more susceptible to infections and impairing cognitive function.

Anemia in Pregnant Women and Infants: Focus on Sangrur, India

Sangrur, located in the northern state of Punjab, India, faces unique challenges regarding anemia among pregnant women and infants. Despite being a relatively prosperous region compared to many parts of India, Sangrur and its surrounding areas struggle with high rates of anemia due to a combination of various factors like dietary habits, cultural practises and limited access to healthcare services.

  1. Dietary Patterns: Although Punjab is known as the “breadbasket of India” due to its agricultural productivity, dietary habits often lack diversity, leading to deficiencies in essential nutrients like iron, folic acid and vitamin B12. Traditional diets, which heavily rely on wheat-based products, may not provide adequate micronutrients crucial for combating anemia.
  2. Cultural Practices: Cultural norms surrounding food preparation and consumption can also contribute to anemia. For instance, vegetarian diets, prevalent in many communities in Sangrur, may lack sufficient sources of bioavailable iron, increasing the risk of iron deficiency anemia.
  3. Healthcare Infrastructure: While Sangrur benefits from relatively better healthcare infrastructure compared to some other regions in India, access to quality healthcare services, including antenatal care and nutritional support, remains a challenge, particularly in rural areas. Limited access to healthcare facilities and skilled healthcare providers can hinder early detection and management of anemia among pregnant women and infants.

Importance of Addressing Anemia

Addressing anemia is not just a desire but an urgent necessity, particularly in vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and infants. Anemia poses serious health risks and has far-reaching consequences that affect not only individuals but also communities and societies as a whole. But what is the urgency and importance:

  1. Health Impact: Anemia increases the risk of maternal complications during pregnancy, such as preterm birth, low birth weight and maternal mortality. In infants and children, anemia can impair cognitive development, stunt growth and weaken the immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and other illnesses.
  2. Inter-generational Impact: Anemic mothers are more likely to give birth to anemic infants, perpetuating a vicious cycle of poor health outcomes across generations. 
  3. Economic Burden: The healthcare costs associated with treating complications of anemia, such as maternal and infant morbidity and mortality, can be substantial. 
  4. Human Rights and Equity: Addressing anemia is essential for promoting health equity and ensuring that vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women and infants, have equal access to the resources and support they need to thrive.

Strategies for Addressing Anemia

Efforts to address anemia in Sangrur and similar regions require a multilevel approach involving healthcare providers, community organisations, and government interventions. Some specific strategies include:

  1. Nutritional Interventions: Promoting dietary diversification and ensuring access to nutrient-rich foods, particularly those high in iron, folic acid and vitamin B12, is essential for preventing and managing anemia. This includes promoting the consumption of iron-rich foods such as leafy greens, legumes and fortified cereals.
  2. Supplementation Programmes: Providing iron and folic acid supplements to pregnant women and infants can help meet their increased nutritional needs during critical periods of growth and development. 
  3. Healthcare Access: Strengthening healthcare systems and improving access to antenatal care, prenatal screening and early intervention services are important for detecting and managing anemia in pregnant women and infants. 
  4. Education and Awareness: Raising awareness about the importance of nutrition, prenatal care and anemia prevention through targeted education and outreach programmes can empower individuals and communities to make informed decisions about their health.

Government Initiatives helping reducing the anemia

Recognising the severity of the issue, the Indian government has launched several initiatives to combat anemia among pregnant women. 

  1. The Anemia Mukt Bharat (Anemia Free India) strategy, which aims to reduce anemia prevalence by improving the consumption of iron and folic acid supplements, promoting nutrition education and enhancing the screening and treatment of anemia.
  2. The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), which provides free antenatal care and iron-folic acid supplementation to pregnant women.
  3. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme is a comprehensive initiative that offers supplementary nutrition, health education and regular health check-ups to children under six years of age.
  4. The Mid-Day Meal Scheme, aimed at improving the nutritional status of school-age children, also plays a part in combating anemia by providing nutritious meals that include iron-fortified foods.

Sangrur intervention of Smile Foundation

In just six months, Sangrur has achieved a remarkable turnaround in combating anemia among government schoolchildren. Previously, with 40.57% of students affected by anemia in May 2023, the district has now seen a drastic reduction to just 2.7% in January 2024. Anemia, characterised by low levels of haemoglobin (Hb) or red blood cells, posed a significant health concern among the student population.

The key to this success lies in a targeted dietary intervention programme implemented by Smile Foundation and the Sangrur district administration. By incorporating iron-rich foods into mid-day meals and ensuring the full intake of folic acid tablets, significant strides have been made in addressing anemia prevalence among schoolchildren.

As part of the pilot initiative, the administration concentrated efforts on 21 schools, encompassing 1,188 students. Emphasising the importance of nutrition, schools were encouraged to cultivate kitchen gardens, yielding iron-rich vegetables like spinach, fenugreek (methi), curry leaves and drumsticks, which were then incorporated into the mid-day meals.

Additionally, a strategic adjustment was made to guarantee the complete consumption of folic acid tablets. Recognising past challenges where tablets distributed during morning assemblies often went unconsumed, the administration shifted distribution to immediately after mid-day meals. This simple yet effective change ensured that all students ingested the tablets, addressing misconceptions that previously led to their disposal.

Jitendra Jorwal, the Deputy Commissioner of Sangrur, highlighted the proactive approach, stating, “The project will be extended to all government schools in Sangrur soon.” This commitment underscores the the dedication of administration to safeguarding the health and well-being of all students.

Moreover, to complement the dietary interventions, we conducted three counseling sessions in each selected school. These sessions aimed to instill better eating habits and raise awareness about the importance of nutrition among students, further reinforcing the impact of the initiative on overall health outcomes.

Beyond Sangrur

In conclusion, the success of Sangrur in combatting anemia among schoolchildren serves as a testament to the power of targeted interventions and collaborative efforts. By prioritising nutrition and ensuring the comprehensive implementation of health programmes, the district has set a commendable example for others to follow in promoting the well-being of future generations.

While government initiatives represent significant progress, challenges persist, including healthcare coverage and social determinants of health. Broader interventions addressing water, sanitation and hygiene are needed to combat anemia effectively.

Combating anemia demands collaborative efforts, involving government bodies, development organisations like Smile Foundation, healthcare providers and communities. By prioritising targeted interventions and equitable access to resources, India can pave the path to an anemia-free future, ensuring the health and well-being of its most vulnerable populations.

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Health

How Child Healthcare is the Foundation for Adult Success?

How Child Healthcare is the Foundation for Adult Success?
How Child Healthcare is the Foundation for Adult Success?

Early childhood is lays the foundation for a the lifelong health and well-being development of a child. Investing in early child healthcare is essential for ensuring optimal growth, cognitive development and overall success later in life. Why?

Because

Promoting Physical Health: Early child healthcare encompasses a range of preventive measures, including vaccinations, regular check-ups and screenings, aimed at safeguarding the physical health of children. Immunisations protect against infectious diseases, reducing the risk of illness, disability and premature death. Routine health assessments enable healthcare providers to monitor growth and development, identify potential health concerns and intervene early to prevent complications.

Early detection of diseases is paramount in ensuring optimal health outcomes throughout life. Regular health check-ups during childhood facilitate the timely identification and management of various health conditions, ranging from common ailments to more serious illnesses. Conditions such as asthma, diabetes and hypertension, if detected early, can be effectively controlled, thereby reducing the risk of complications in adulthood.

Fostering Cognitive Development: The early years of life are a critical period of brain development, with significant implications for cognitive, social and emotional functioning. Access to quality early child healthcare services, including prenatal care, early intervention programmes and developmental screenings, can support optimal brain development and enhance school readiness.

Early intervention in developmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can significantly improve the cognitive and behavioural functioning of a child, laying a solid foundation for academic and professional success later in life.

Supporting Emotional Well-being: Emotional health is an integral component of overall well-being, influencing the ability of children to form secure attachments, regulate emotions and navigate social relationships. Nutrient-rich foods provide essential vitamins and minerals that support brain health and emotional well-being. A balanced diet comprising omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins B and D can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety, depression, and mood disorders in children, thereby promoting emotional resilience and psychological stability.

Early child healthcare plays a deciding role in promoting emotional well-being through parent education, mental health screenings and access to supportive services. By addressing psychosocial stressors, trauma and adverse childhood experiences, healthcare providers can help children and families build resilience and coping skills, laying the groundwork for positive mental health outcomes throughout life.

Empowering Families and Communities: Early child healthcare extends beyond the individual child to encompass families, communities and society as a whole. By providing parents with education, resources and support, healthcare providers empower families to make informed decisions about their the health and development of children. Community-based initiatives, such as home visiting programmes, parenting classe, and early intervention services, strengthen social support networks and promote collaboration among stakeholders. By investing in early child healthcare, we can create a culture of health and wellness that benefits everyone.

Common sense to care about child healthcare

Children who consume a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean proteins are more likely to perform better academically, exhibit enhanced concentration and cognitive function and maintain a healthy weight. Moreover, instilling healthy eating habits early in life reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders in adulthood, thus paving the way for a healthier and more productive life.

The impact of child healthcare like in Smile Foundation‘s Health Cannot Wait initiative extends far beyond physical and mental well-being – it has direct implications on adult success. Children who receive comprehensive healthcare services, including preventive care, immunisations and screenings, are more likely to thrive academically, socially, and economically in the long run. Good health enables children to attend school regularly, participate in extracurricular activities and pursue higher education and career opportunities. Conversely, untreated health issues during childhood can hinder academic performance, limit employment prospects and impede overall life satisfaction in adulthood.

In India, various government schemes are aimed at promoting child healthcare and well-being. The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme, launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development, provides essential health and nutrition services to pregnant women, lactating mothers and children under six years of age. Through Anganwadi centers, ICDS offers immunisations, growth monitoring supplementary nutrition, and health education to ensure the holistic development of children. Additionally, the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) focuses on early detection and intervention for birth defects, developmental delays, disabilities and other health conditions among children aged 0-18 years. By leveraging these schemes, India aims to address the healthcare needs of its youngest citizens and set the stage for their future success.

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Smile

What do Children Want from their Teachers?

Extreme Heat Threatens Education and Health of Children in India
Extreme Heat Threatens Education and Health of Children in India

Back in the day, educational institutions were more than places of learning and were sanctuaries where kids could explore their passions and discover their inner talents. Having the courage to think beyond imparting knowledge, teachers were involved in fostering a spirit of self-discovery and inner growth in children. It was about understanding yourself and the world around you. The emphasis was on self-knowledge, understanding not only the external world but also the intricacies of one’s inner being. However, such holistic approaches seem to have faded in the modern era and need to be brought back.

Teachers and the Need for a Paradigm Shift

Today, there is a pressing need for a paradigm shift in the role of educators. Teachers are no longer mere transmitters of information but facilitators, creating environments conducive to the self-directed learning of students and holistic development. Each kid is different, and it is important to create an environment where they can truly thrive. If we do not, we are missing out on tapping into their full potential.

Teaching is undeniably a complex profession, with far-reaching implications for society. Countries like Finland and Singapore have demonstrated the transformative power of prioritising education and elevating the status of teachers. In these nations, teaching is a prestigious and competitive field, resulting in world-class education systems that drive economic and social progress.

Research underscores the significant impact teachers have on student outcomes. Studies have shown that good teachers can make a world of difference in a the life of a child. They are like superheroes, shaping not just their academic success, but also their personal growth. The quality of teaching surpasses other school factors in influencing student success, highlighting the irreplaceable role of educators play in shaping future generations.

But here is the thing – teaching is not just about pouring information into the minds of children anymore – it is about teaching them how to think critically, solve problems and work together. We are living in the age of Google and AI, where information is literally at our fingertips. So, teachers need to be more like guides, helping kids navigate this sea of information and make sense of it all.

Moreover, there is a shift towards prioritising skills over knowledge in education curricula. While knowledge remains important, it is the application of skills that empowers individuals to thrive in diverse contexts. Graduates need a repertoire of skills – from communication and collaboration to critical thinking and adaptability – to navigate an increasingly complex and competitive global landscape.

So, what do children truly want from their teachers?

Understanding and Empathy

At the core of every meaningful teacher-student relationship lies understanding and empathy. Children crave teachers who take the time to comprehend their individual needs, challenges and aspirations. Whether it’s a listening ear during times of distress or a reassuring smile before a daunting task, the ability of teachers to empathise fosters trust and camaraderie in the classroom.

Encouragement and Support

In the pursuit of knowledge and personal growth, children yearn for encouragement and support from their teachers. A word of praise for a job well done, a gentle nudge during moments of self-doubt or unwavering belief in their potential—all contribute to a positive learning environment where children feel valued and empowered to excel.

Inspiration and Role Modeling found in Teachers

Teachers serve as beacons of inspiration, igniting curiosity and passion for learning within their students. Children look up to teachers who lead by example, demonstrating not only academic proficiency but also integrity, resilience, and compassion. By embodying these traits, teachers become catalysts for personal and moral development, leaving a lasting imprint on the lives of their students.

Engagement and Creativity

Gone are the days of monotonous lectures and rote memorisation. Today’s children crave interactive and engaging learning experiences that stimulate their curiosity and imagination. Teachers who infuse creativity into their lessons, incorporate multimedia tools and encourage hands-on exploration are met with enthusiasm and eagerness to learn from their students.

Respect and Fairness

Respect is a two-way street in the classroom, and children value teachers who treat them with dignity and fairness. By fostering a culture of mutual respect and inclusivity, teachers create an environment where every voice is heard and every opinion is valued. Fairness in grading, discipline and classroom interactions cultivates trust and cultivates a sense of belonging among students.

Fun and Humor in Teachers

Learning should be a joyous adventure and children appreciate teachers who infuse elements of fun and humor into their lessons. Whether through educational games, humorous anecdotes or quirky teaching methods, teachers who embrace lightheartedness create an atmosphere where students feel comfortable and excited to engage with the material.

In progressive education circles, teachers are encouraged to adopt a guide on the side approach meaning the teacher simply directing the slow of the education and letting the student make the journey themselves, relinquishing the role of the all-knowing authority in favor of facilitating student-led learning experiences. With a wealth of resources available online, teachers serve as curators, integrating diverse sources to enrich the learning journeys of the students.

To advance as a society and equip our children with the necessary skills and knowledge for the modern era, we should consider emulating the examples set by countries such as Finland and Singapore. Encouraging our most talented individuals to pursue teaching careers can be determining, as teaching is not only a vital profession but also offers a rewarding and intellectually stimulating career path.

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Partnerships Smile

From Grassroots Organisations to Glory: Changing Lives

From Grassroots Organisations to Glory: Changing Rural Lives
Over 5000 hand holding sessions conducted with community-based NGOs in more than 950 villages across 25 states in India within a year

We often talk about the importance of rural growth for the overall development of a country. This is especially true in the case of India, whose majority of the population still resides in the rural parts of the country. As per World Bank data, 64 percent of the Indians lived in rural regions in 2022. While this number has been steadily declining because of continued migration to urban areas in search of jobs, quality of life and education, there is also a need to improve the overall quality of life in rural India. This can be achieved through sustainable rural development with a focus on areas like health, education, infrastructure, livelihood, etc.

While the responsibility lies with the government to ensure equitable access to resources for the rural population, there are many other factors at play that influence this distribution. First, the concentration of private enterprises, manufacturing facilities, corporate offices, etc., in some urban areas means that employment options are also predominantly available in these places. With the influx of people seeking employment and the rising level of income, better healthcare facilities, education institutions and infrastructure also become possible.

However, this is not the case in rural India, which is primarily dependent on agriculture as a source of livelihood. Research has found that it is becoming increasingly difficult to find employment in the smaller towns in India as compared to the big cities. This reflects the poor availability of employment opportunities in rural areas apart from traditional livelihood opportunities. This is the reason why empowering rural India needs to be a focus of grassroots organisations like Smile Foundation does through its Empowering Grassroots initiative. The gap that is created by the urban-rural divide in terms of employment opportunities further leads to other problems like inadequate infrastructure, lack of good quality healthcare facilities, premier educational institutions and much more.

Government intervention

India’s Economic Survey of 2022-23, presented by the finance minister, underscores the government’s commitment to rural development, aiming to enhance the quality of life and achieve equitable and inclusive growth. The Survey highlights that most of the population of India resides in rural areas, with a significant portion dependent on agriculture. The government’s strategy involves a multi-faceted approach to boost rural income and living standards. Initiatives like the Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihood Mission (DAY-NRLM) empower economically disadvantaged households with self-employment and skilled job opportunities, fostering sustainable livelihoods.

This mission, driven by community participation, has mobilised millions of women into Self Help Groups (SHGs), enhancing their socio-economic status. Additionally, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has provided employment to millions of households, generating substantial person-days of work. The scheme’s focus on asset creation, such as farm ponds and horticulture plantations, has positively influenced agricultural productivity and household income while curbing migration and indebtedness.

The survey also notes significant improvements in rural living conditions, including better access to electricity, clean water, and health insurance coverage. Women empowerment has seen a marked increase, with more women participating in decision-making, owning bank accounts, and using mobile phones. These advancements reflect the proactive efforts of the government in socio-economic inclusion and empowerment, transforming rural lives and livelihoods for the better.

The strength of grassroots organisations

One of the biggest advantages that grassroots organisations have is that they are embedded in the local culture and societies. They understand the specific needs of rural communities and can cater to these needs accordingly. They serve as the first line of support for the people in rural communities. The marginalised population in these areas may not have the wherewithal to voice their needs and access opportunities. This is where grassroots organisations come in. They are the key players in grassroots development in India and around the world.

The Covid-19 pandemic has further underscored the need of these grassroots organisations as they served as an important support for the government in providing necessary help to the rural communities.

Empowering rural India through Grassroots Organisations

As mentioned above, infrastructure, education and healthcare are key to the growth of rural India. Apart from this, a sustained investment is needed to promote gender equality, digital inclusion, skill development, women education, etc. One of the most key factors of rural empowerment is promoting women entrepreneurship in rural India. Traditional crafts, local delicacies and innovative solutions can aid the economic growth of rural women, which further helps in the overall growth of the rural economy. 

Access to finance and entrepreneurial support is vital for these women to realise their full potential. Banks and financial institutions are instrumental in this regard, offering financial products, services and capacity-building initiatives tailored to their needs. These institutions can also promote inclusive banking practices, ensuring women have the necessary resources, knowledge and networks to succeed.

Grassroots initiatives are central to rural empowerment and development because of their focus on sustainability and keeping it at the core of whatever they do. Organic farming, renewable energy, waste management and water conservation are not just strategies but a way of life that these initiatives promote, ensuring the nation’s development does not come at the cost of its environment. Not just that, grassroots organisations also unite the communities and encourage their participation in decision-making processes. This strengthens the democratic fabric of the country and empowers these citizens to make better political decisions.

The road ahead

As India is in the middle of a demographic dividend and desperately needs to exploit it to aid rapid economic growth fully, the need for rural development is even more pressing today. There is a huge potential in rural economies, which remains untapped. The art forms, traditional crafts and a large workforce can provide a big market opportunity in India and internationally. There are startups that are now looking towards the rural potential and bringing forward products that may find demand in the urban population. Apart from this, the government continues to invest in rural growth through its schemes. The road ahead might be long, but we need to continue working tirelessly to achieve maximum growth and achieve the glory that we deserve.

Categories
Women Empowerment

5 Ways to Speed Up Women Empowerment in India

Why 3% Funding for Women Entrepreneurs is Too Little
Woman smiling at a Swabhiman centre of Smile Foundation (1)

I raise up my voice — not so that I can shout, but so that those without a voice can be heard … we cannot all succeed when half of us are held back.

― Malala Yousafzai

Have you ever wondered why conversations surrounding women empowerment in India tend to overshadow discussions about men empowerment? This observation arises from the societal presumption that men inherently possess empowerment, while women are perceived as requiring it to enhance their status. Women, comprising approximately half of the global population, have wielded significant influence in shaping families, communities, economies and societies. Despite their contributions, women encounter challenges such as discrimination and inequality, impeding their advancement. Therefore, prioritising women empowerment is significant for realising gender equality and fostering a more equitable, thriving world.

Efforts towards women empowerment in India are often inadequate due to factors like the gap in male-female literacy rates, role stereotyping and safety concerns. Additionally, working women encounter unique challaenges in balancing career aspirations with familial responsibilities, often facing societal expectations of traditional gender roles. The lack of support structures such as affordable childcare facilities and flexible work arrangements further deepens the challenge.

Moreover, workplace discrimination, unequal pay and limited opportunities for career advancement remain pervasive issues, impeding the full realisation of women’s potential in the workforce. While government schemes like Beti Bachao Beti Padhao and Ujjawala Yojna aim to address some of these challenges, more comprehensive strategies are needed to accelerate progress and create an enabling environment for women empowerment.

So how can we accelerate women empowerment in India?

Here are several strategies to empower women on a broad scale.

Access to Education

UNESCO reports that the female literacy rate in India lags behind the male literacy rate by about 16.1%. This gap underscores the challenges women face in accessing quality education. Education is a powerful tool- educated women are more likely to participate in the workforce, driving economic growth. Additionally, they play a primary role in raising healthier families and communities. Ensuring universal access to education for women is not only a matter of empowerment but also a strategic imperative for the progress and prosperity of India.

Economic Empowerment

Only about 27% of Indian women participate in the labor force, significantly lower than the global average. To address this, we must remove barriers to employment, entrepreneurship and financial independence. This includes providing access to credit, financial services and targeted training programmes for women.

Empowering women in the workforce will unlock the full economic potential of the nation and drive sustainable growth and development. Furthermore, initiatives to increase women’s access to markets and resources can significantly enhance their economic empowerment. This includes facilitating women participation in value chains, providing them with access to technology and information and promoting women-owned businesses.

Health & Well-being

Ensuring access to reproductive health care and quality maternal care is important for the well-being of women. India accounts for approximately 17% of global maternal deaths, with high maternal mortality rates, especially in rural and marginalised communities. Additionally, addressing mental health issues is essential for overall empowerment. Initiatives like the National Health Mission (NHM) aims to provide quality healthcare services to women and children across the country, promoting empowerment and well-being.

In simpler terms, we need to connect the dots between women empowerment, health and well-being. Because when women are healthy, they can take care of themselves, they also have the energy and confidence to pursue their dreams and goals.

Changing Social Norms and Attitudes

In rural areas, deeply entrenched patriarchal norms and traditional gender roles often limit the opportunities of women and their agency. Women are expected to prioritise household chores and caregiving duties over pursuing education or employment opportunities. Social expectations dictate that women should adhere to strict codes of conduct, which may restrict their mobility and autonomy.

Additionally, prevailing attitudes towards the education of women and empowerment may be conservative, with some communities viewing educated women as a threat to traditional values. This can result in lower literacy rates among women and limited access to educational resources. Furthermore, the prevalence of child marriage and dowry practices perpetuates gender inequality and undermines the rights of women.

In urban areas, while women may have greater access to educational and employment opportunities compared to rural counterparts, they still face societal pressures and discriminatory practices. Gender stereotypes and biases persist in urban settings, influencing hiring decisions, career progression and workplace dynamics. Women often encounter the ‘glass ceiling‘ phenomenon, where they are unable to advance to leadership positions despite possessing the necessary qualifications and skills.

Moreover, the prevalence of sexual harassment and gender-based violence in urban environments poses significant challenges to the safety and well-being of women. Cultural norms regarding the roles and responsibilities of women may also contribute to the unequal distribution of household labor and caregiving responsibilities, placing additional burdens on women juggling work and family life. Addressing these entrenched social norms and attitudes is essential for creating inclusive urban spaces where women can thrive professionally and personally.

Gender-sensitive education and community awareness programmes are essential for challenging these stereotypes and promoting inclusive attitudes. When women are empowered to challenge societal norms and expectations, they can drive positive change not only for themselves but also for their families and communities.

Legal and Policy Reforms

Women in both rural and urban areas face various forms of gender-based violence, including domestic abuse, sexual harassment, rape and trafficking. In rural settings, women often endure domestic violence, dowry-related abuse and honor killings, perpetuated by social inequalities. Urban women, on the other hand, are vulnerable to sexual harassment in public spaces and workplaces, as well as rape and trafficking. These crimes not only violate the rights of women but also undermine their safety, dignity and well-being. Legal reforms are imperative to address these challenges and ensure accountability for perpetrators while providing comprehensive support for survivors.

Legal reforms combat gender-based violence and ensure justice for women in both rural and urban areas. Stronger laws and enforcement mechanisms are needed to criminalise domestic violence, sexual harassment and other forms of gender-based violence, with provisions for investigation and prosecution. Additionally, legal reforms should focus on enhancing access to justice for marginalised women and establishing support services such as legal aid and counseling. Awareness-raising initiatives can also challenge harmful stereotypes and promote gender equality, fostering safer and more inclusive environments for women to exercise their rights.

Eyes on Equity, not Equality

Achieving women empowerment in India requires addressing various challenges across education, economy, healthcare and societal attitudes. While progress has been made, there is still much to be done to ensure equal opportunities for women. By focusing on education, economic opportunities, healthcare access and changing social norms, we can create a more inclusive society where women can thrive.

Smile Foundation through its women empowerment programme Swabhiman which exclusively works to uplift the status of women in the society is also a community development programme, through which it mobilises local communities to take collective action towards improving the lives of women. 

Empowering women not only benefits individuals but also results in broader societal benefits, including economic growth, social progress and peace. Prioritising women empowerment in India means creating a fair world for all. By ensuring that women have similar opportunities, rights and representation everywhere, we can build a society where the suffix women (director, championship, writer etc.) need not be added to emphasise on any one gender. When we become truly equitable, genders will only serve the purpose of being two opposing but complimentary forces of this universe.

Categories
Girl Child

Investing in the Health and Education of Girls in India

Girls from a tribal region of India going to a Mission Education school of Smile Foundation
Girls from a tribal region of India going to a Mission Education school of Smile Foundation

India is home to 253 million adolescents, according to the 2011 Census, with 47% of them being girls. Adolescent girls face prevalent issues like anaemia, low awareness of sexual health, undernutrition and mental health concerns. They are more likely to drop out of school and bear a higher share of unpaid domestic and caregiving activities, leaving little time for themselves.

Imagine being on the threshold of discovery and learning, only to be held back not by a lack of ambition or talent but by societal norms that see your gender as less deserving of education, or by something as basic yet vital as inadequate sanitation facilities at school. Addressing financing gaps, focusing on foundational skills and digital literacy and considering state-specific needs can lay a strong foundation for the hopes of a better life for them, preparing them for a productive and digitally competent future.

Adolescence, spanning ages 10 to 19, is a transformative period marked by significant mental, emotional and psychological development. India’s policies regarding adolescent development cover a broad spectrum of values, principles and objectives aimed at enhancing socio-economic well-being.

The link between education, health and sanitation is undeniable and complex, especially for girls and women. In the quest for gender equality and inclusive education, millions of girls find their educational rights clipped by societal biases and a lack of clean, safe toilets. This critical intersection of education and sanitation highlights an urgent need: investing in both is not just beneficial but essential for the health, empowerment and education of girls.

Why is there a lower enrollment of girls in formal education compared to boys in India?

Societal Norms and Expectations: In many parts of India, girls are often seen primarily as future homemakers. This mindset leads to a preference for investing in boys’ education. For many girls, education is still a non-concerning issue.

Economic Constraints: Families facing financial difficulties often prioritise the education of boys over girls. This is compounded by the fact that education of girls is sometimes seen as a lesser investment.

Safety Concerns: Concerns over the safety of girls while traveling to and from school can also deter families from enrolling them in higher education.

Limited Access to Schools: In many rural and remote areas, higher education institutions are scarce or located far from the village.

Inadequate School Infrastructure and Lack of Proper Sanitation: Beyond basic infrastructure challenges, many schools lack clean and safe sanitation facilities, which is a significant barrier for girls, especially those who are menstruating. This lack of proper sanitation facilities can make the school environment unfriendly and unsafe, further discouraging families from sending their daughters to school.

Menstrual Hygiene Management (MHM) Challenges: The lack of MHM facilities in schools, such as private toilets, access to sanitary products, and disposal facilities, can be a significant barrier, making it difficult for girls to attend school during their periods.

Why is investing in health and education for girl children important?

Investing in the health and education of girl children is important for a multitude of reasons, each contributing to the betterment of society as a whole. This investment not only empowers girls and women but also triggers a butterfly effect that enhances the economic, health and social fabric of communities and countries. Below are key reasons why this investment is crucial:

  1. Economic Growth and Employment: Educated women participate more actively in the workforce, boosting the economy’s productivity and growth.
  2. Reduced Poverty: Educated women are more likely to earn higher incomes, which lifts families and communities out of poverty.
  3. Improved Health Outcomes: Health education teaches girls about nutrition, hygiene and reproductive health. This decreases mortality rates and combats the spread of diseases, contributing to a healthier population.
  4. Reduced Child Marriage and Improved Family Planning: Education raises awareness and provides girls with the courage and capacity to make informed decisions about their lives. This leads to smaller, more sustainable families and allows women to make better reproductive health decisions, reducing the rates of child marriage and teenage pregnancies.
  5. Enhanced Gender Equality: Educated women are more likely to stand up for their rights, participate in political processes and influence policy-making, contributing to more inclusive and equitable governance.
  6. Intergenerational Benefits: Educated women are more likely to prioritise education for their children, creating a virtuous cycle of learning and empowerment.

How Can We Support the Health and Education of Girls in India?

Taking action to support the health and education of girl children requires collaborative efforts at various levels, including individuals, communities, organisations and governments. Individuals and communities can use their voice and platforms to advocate for girls’ education and health rights.

It’s important for communities to engage with and support development organisations and community groups working towards improving the access of girls to education and healthcare.

Change begins at home. Educating boys and men about gender equality, respect, and the importance of health and education of girls in India can transform attitudes and behaviors in the long term.

Organisations and Businesses can implement Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programmes focused on improving access to education and health for girls. Along with partnerships with educational institutions and nonprofits to provide resources, technology and infrastructure needed to facilitate the education and health of girls. Organisations can create internships and job opportunities for young women. This can empower them economically and encourage families to support their education.

Governments and Policymakers should enforce laws that guarantee girls’ rights to education and health. Investment by the government in educational and healthcare infrastructure, especially in rural and underserved areas, can ensure that girls have safe and easy access to schools and healthcare facilities.

Conducting public health campaigns focusing on menstrual health, nutrition and preventive healthcare have an immense potential to improve health outcomes for girls. Collective action and commitment across all sectors of society are essential to overcome the barriers to education and health for girl children.

Doing the smart thing- invest in girls

Educating girls and improving sanitation is not just the right thing to do—it is also smart for the future of India. Studies show that when girls are educated, it benefits everyone. They become healthier, more economically empowered and contribute more to society. By investing in the education of girls and breaking down barriers, India can create a fairer society for all.

While the road to gender equality and inclusive education in India is tough, it is also full of promise. By removing barriers, challenging stereotypes and creating a supportive environment for girls like Smile Foundation‘s initiatives, India can build a brighter future where every girl has the chance to thrive. Let’s come together to ensure that every girl in India can chase her dreams, invest in girls and help build a better tomorrow for us all.

Categories
Education

Actionable NEP in Government Schools is a Collaborative Effort

Education in Rural India
The All-encompassing Role of Rural Education in India

The education system of India is one of the largest in the world, comprising millions of schools, colleges and universities. It caters to a population of over a billion people, reflecting the the vast cultural, linguistic and socio-economic diversity of the country. The National Education Policy (NEP) of India is a comprehensive framework that guides the development of education in the country. It sets out the vision, goals and strategies to address the evolving needs of its education system. 

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 replaced the previous National Policy on Education formulated in 1986 and revised in 1992. The NEP 2020 focuses on foundational literacy and numeracy, restructuring school education, revamping higher education, promoting vocational education and leveraging technology for learning. 

What’s there in NEP 2020?

  1. Universalisation of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE): Ensuring access to quality early childhood education for all children up to the age of six years.
  2. Foundational Literacy and Numeracy: Focusing on foundational literacy and numeracy skills to ensure that every child achieves basic proficiency in reading, writing, and mathematics by Grade 3.
  3. Reimagining School Education: Transforming the existing school curriculum and assessment practices to promote holistic development, critical thinking, creativity and experiential learning.
  4. Vocational Education: Integrating vocational education into mainstream schooling to provide students with practical skills and enhance their employability.
  5. Higher Education Reforms: Promoting multidisciplinary education, flexibility in choice of subjects and the establishment of Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) for regulatory oversight.
  6. Teacher Training and Professional Development: Enhancing the quality of teacher education programmes, continuous professional development and recruitment processes to ensure well-trained and motivated educators.
  7. Use of Technology in Education: Leveraging technology to facilitate personalised learning, access to digital resources and online education platforms.
  8. Equity and Inclusion: Ensuring equitable access to education for all socio-economic groups, gender equality, inclusion of marginalised communities and special provisions for students with disabilities.

Actionable NEP and its Success is a Collaborative Process

Implementing the National Education Policy (NEP) in government schools is a multifaceted endeavour that necessitates collaboration among various stakeholders. The NEP outlines ambitious goals and strategies to enhance the quality and accessibility of education across the country. However, translating these policies into actionable initiatives within government schools requires concerted efforts from government authorities, educators, administrators, parents, development organisations and the broader community. 

Collaboration is crucial for successfully executing the National Education Policy (NEP) for several reasons. It brings

  • diverse expertise on the table,
  • by engaging multiple stakeholders, collaboration facilitates a holistic perspective,
  • enables the efficient allocation and utilisation of resources,
  • it brings sense of ownership in stakeholders which further helps in better implementation of NEP, and
  • encourages innovation and creativity in problem-solving.

By building partnerships and fostering collaborative relationships, government schools can ensure the sustainability of reforms beyond the initial implementation phase of the NEP.

How the Actions of Stakeholders can make NEP Actionable?

  1. Government authorities play a central role in spearheading the implementation of National Education Policy in schools. They are responsible for developing clear guidelines, allocating resources and monitoring progress to ensure adherence to policy objectives.
  1. Educators are at the forefront of implementing NEP within government schools. They need to be equipped with the necessary training and support to incorporate innovative teaching methods, updated curriculum frameworks and assessment practices outlined in the policy.
  1. Administrators within government schools are responsible for coordinating activities, managing resources and providing logistical support to educators. Effective communication channels between administrators, teachers and other stakeholders are requisite for ensuring alignment with NEP objectives.
  1. Parents and the community can contribute by actively participating in school activities, providing feedback to educators and administrators and advocating for the allocation of resources to support educational initiatives. Community engagement initiatives such as parent-teacher associations, community outreach programmes and awareness campaigns can help foster a sense of ownership and accountability towards improving the quality of education in government schools.
  1. Development organisations are critical for NEP implementation in government schools, offering capacity building, resource mobilisation, curriculum development, teacher support, community engagement, monitoring, evaluation and advocacy. They provide training, resources and expertise to enhance education quality and promote inclusive, holistic learning environments. By collaborating with stakeholders, nonprofits contribute to the successful implementation of NEP initiatives, ensuring equitable access to quality education and empowering students for the future. 

Collaboration among all stakeholders is highly needful for overcoming the challenges associated with actionable NEP in government schools. By working together towards a common goal like Smile Foundation does in its Mission Education (ME) programme, stakeholders can leverage their respective expertise, resources and networks to create a conducive environment for quality education. Through sustained efforts and collective action, NEP can be effectively translated into tangible outcomes that benefit students, educators and the broader community.

The implementation of the NEP 2020 requires coordinated efforts from central and state governments, educational institutions, teachers, parents and other stakeholders to realise its objectives and create a future-ready education system for India.

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