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Smile

National Reading Day-Top 5 Ways to Encourage Children to Read Books

A girl child reading a book

“Books are our best friends”, this age-old saying has been true since time immemorial, and who in the world does not want best friends? This National Reading Day, we must try our very best to inculcate the habit of reading books in our children so that they too understand the beauty a book brings to one’s life. 

Encouraging children to read books is more than just getting them to flip through pages – it is about a lifelong love for reading that makes vivid their imagination, vocabulary and sense of empathy. Distractions abound in today’s digital age, nurturing reading habits requires creativity and dedication from parents.

So how to develop reading habits in kids, especially in contemporary times where everything seems more convenient and attractive when it is digitalised? 

Develop Reading Habits- A Guide

  • Lead by Example

Children often emulate their parents’ behaviours and interests. If they see you engrossed in a book, they are more likely to perceive reading as a desirable activity. Make reading a visible part of your daily routine. Set aside dedicated time for family reading sessions where everyone reads their book silently or takes turns reading aloud. This not only cultivates a reading habit but also strengthens family bonds through shared literary experiences.

  • Create a Reading-Friendly Environment

Designate a cosy reading nook in your home – a corner with comfortable seating, good lighting and a small bookshelf stocked with age-appropriate books. Make sure the area is free from distractions like screens and noisy appliances.

For example, you can make a small tent with cushions, blankets, or decorations, where you and your child can escape into the world of books; you can recite stories with actions. By being inside the tent or an enclosed cosy space, your child’s attention would be on the stories of the books, intriguing them to read the book even if you are not around. 

  • Let them choose their read

We have often heard that “do not judge a book by its cover”, and when you are an adult this would apply in many circumstances, but in the case of children, remember that they will always select a book whose cover would interest them the most. So, allow your children to choose their reading materials based on their curiosity, interests and preferences.

Whether it is fantasy, mystery, science fiction or non-fiction, respecting their choices empowers them and makes reading a more enjoyable experience. Visit libraries and bookstores together, and let them explore various genres and authors. Consider subscribing to age-appropriate book clubs or magazines that cater to their interests to keep their enthusiasm for reading alive.

This way you will give your child the autonomy and the guidance to identify their preferences in books motivating them to read more about their choice of genre.

  • Integrate Reading into Daily Activities

In today’s time, reading cannot and should not be just limited to books or school books. Parents can imbibe reading habits in their children by making them involved in daily activities. Expand the concept of reading beyond books.

Encourage your child to read aloud recipes while cooking together, decipher instructions for DIY projects or explore informational articles related to their hobbies. By integrating reading into everyday activities, you demonstrate the practical value of literacy while making learning enjoyable and relevant.

  • Engage in Discussions and Activities

Reading should not end when the book is closed. Encourage a deeper connection to literature by discussing stories, characters and themes with your child. Ask open-ended questions that encourage critical thinking and empathy. Create book-related activities such as crafting, role-playing favourite scenes or writing sequels to stories. These interactions not only enhance comprehension, but also nurture creativity and emotional intelligence.

National Reading Day with Innovative Solutions

  • Reading Digital Tools and Apps

Explore interactive e-books, audiobooks and reading apps that combine storytelling with animations and sound effects. These multimedia formats can captivate reluctant readers and provide a dynamic reading experience.

  • Literary Events and Workshops

Attend author readings, book signings or literary festivals in your community. These events expose children to diverse genres and introduce them to the excitement of meeting authors whose works they enjoy.

  • Reading Challenges and Rewards

Create reading challenges with achievable milestones and rewards, such as a special outing or a new book of their choice. This gamification of reading motivates children to set goals and track their progress, developing a sense of accomplishment in them.

  • Book Swaps and Clubs

Organise book exchange programmes with friends or join a neighbourhood book club for children. These initiatives not only broaden the reading horizons of your child, but also promote social interaction and collaborative learning.

Reading books shape children into compassionate and intelligent beings. It enhances their vocabulary, comprehension skills and critical thinking abilities from an early age. Exposure to diverse characters and perspectives helps with their empathy and understanding of the world around them. Moreover, books stimulate imagination and creativity, encouraging children to explore new ideas and think independently. 

Beyond academic achievement, reading cultivates a lifelong love for learning and equips children with the tools to navigate challenges with resilience and curiosity. But most importantly, it instils values of kindness, empathy and moral integrity, making them not only intelligent but also well-rounded and empathetic members of society.

Thus, to cultivate a future generation that values humanity and strives to improve the world, Smile Foundation believes that parents should encourage their children to read these top 5 children’s books, as these stories not only spark adventurous imaginations but also help children understand and empathies with the diverse range of human emotions and experiences.

Top 5 books for Children

  • Charlotte’s Web by E.B. White

It is a timeless children’s novel that revolves around the unlikely friendship between a gentle pig named Wilbur and a wise spider named Charlotte. Set on a farm, the story unfolds as Charlotte uses her web-spinning abilities to save Wilbur from being slaughtered, weaving words like “Some Pig” and “Terrific” into her webs to convince the farmer of Wilbur’s worth.

The story explores themes of friendship, loyalty and the cycle of life, capturing the hearts of readers with its poignant narrative and endearing characters. It teaches valuable lessons about empathy, sacrifice and the beauty of selfless acts, making it a beloved classic that continues to resonate with readers of all ages.

  • The Blue Umbrella by Ruskin Bond 

This is a captivating novella about a young girl in a Himalayan village, teaching valuable lessons on kindness and honesty. Its accessible language and evocative storytelling make it ideal for children to appreciate literature while learning important life lessons. Parents should encourage reading it to cultivate empathy and cultural understanding in their children.

  • The Giving Tree” by Shel Silverstein

This touching tale chronicles the selfless relationship between a boy and a tree throughout their lives. The story begins with the boy enjoying the tree’s apples and shade, and as he grows older, he continues to return to the tree for various needs, eventually depleting it of its resources.

Despite the tree giving everything it has, including its trunk for the boy’s needs, it remains happy. This poignant narrative teaches profound lessons about unconditional love, sacrifice, and the balance between taking and giving in relationships, making it a poignant read for children and adults alike.

  • The Diary of a Young Girl” by Anne Frank

Anne Frank’s diary provides a poignant firsthand account of the Holocaust through the eyes of a young girl. It is a powerful autobiographical account of a Jewish girl’s life during the Holocaust. Written while in hiding from the Nazis in Amsterdam, Anne’s diary documents her thoughts, fears, and dreams with remarkable honesty and insight.

It provides a direct glimpse into the harsh realities faced by Jews during World War II, as well as moments of hope and resilience amidst adversity. Anne’s articulate writing style and her reflections on human nature, intolerance and the importance of hope have made this diary a timeless and essential read, offering profound lessons in courage, empathy and the enduring human spirit.

  • The Magic Drum and Other Favourite Stories by Sudha Murthy

Let your children enjoy captivating tales rooted in Indian culture and wisdom written by Sudha Murthy. These stories not only entertain but also impart valuable life lessons on kindness, honesty and perseverance. Parents should introduce these books to their children to nurture a sense of empathy, cultural awareness and a love for reading, fostering qualities that contribute to their growth as compassionate and well-rounded individuals.

Smile Foundation believes that the truest way to celebrate National Reading Day, would be, if we as a community encourage all our children, regardless of their socio-economic backgrounds, to read books as well as share the goodness of good books with each other. 

Celebrating this spirit, Smile Foundation organised a book reading session between our students from Mission Education center and students from Nilgiri Hills Public School, Noida under our “Child For Child” programme. Students of Nilgiri school wholeheartedly interacted and shared the learnings of their favourite books with our students. 

This was a surreal experience for our students as they got an opportunity to explore a new world of interesting books and share their love for books with fellow students. Such interactions help our underserved students quite significantly, as this is a transformative experience that boosts their intellectual and emotional development.

Schools, parents and social institutions must collaboratively work towards empowering all children to become compassionate individuals, appreciate the power of words and shape their world with the values and adventures they learned from their books, so that their journey of literacy shapes the coming generations as an epitome of humanity and harmony.

Categories
Partnerships

World Yoga Day Initiative: Bridging Corporate and Community Wellness

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Yoga, a 3000-year-old practice, has now taken over the world as a form of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) because of its holistic benefits to a human’s mind, body and soul. Regular practice of yoga promotes-

  • endurance
  • flexibility
  • resilience
  • calmness
  • overall better health

Beyond the physical benefits of yoga, it also highlights the underlying workings of the human body and how our surroundings impact our wellness. This World Yoga Day, we’ll dive into the four principles of yoga to understand in today’s time, how yoga isn’t just beneficial for personal wellness, but how it helps in achieving community wellness.

Yoga Is For Everything & Everyone

The first principle of yoga signifies that the human body is a unified system comprising interconnected dimensions, where the health or illness of one dimension influences others. Second, recognising the uniqueness of individuals and their needs, tailored approaches are essential.

Thirdly, yoga empowers individuals as their healers, fostering active engagement in the healing journey and promoting autonomy. Lastly, the state of an individual’s mind significantly impacts healing, with a positive mindset facilitating swifter recovery compared to a negative one.

How can YOGA’s Principle navigate CSR initiatives?

It is often thought that CSR activities are only about supporting causes financially and to an extent this is true, but Corporate Social Responsibility as a whole institution is to empower the underserved sections and transform them into sustainable communities so that national welfare is achieved.

In this scenario, the above mentioned four principles of yoga can be useful, as corporates can help the  less privileged families by empowering them with resources that can uplift their health and environment, which can invariably help them to live a well-balanced life.

Secondly, rather than following the same theory plan for every individual living on the margins, corporates can collaborate with NGOs in India for different causes, who are operating large projects on the ground and have first-hand experience on what shall benefit that particular underserved section.

Furthermore, with the continuous support of corporates, these communities can continuously strive to uplift themselves, replacing unending scarcity with sustainable livelihood resources that can help them lead a dignified and economically stable life.

By adapting these practices continuously, the corporates and its many thoughtful employees can help many children, women and youth to develop a positive mindset.  This will intrinsically develop them as individuals aspiring to make a lasting positive transition with a mindset of continuously improving their and their families lives for a better future.

Thus, considering the magnitude of the positive impact Corporate Social Responsibility can make on society, it gets interesting to see how this World Yoga Day can be a turning point in the relationship between corporates and society– how can this relationship achieve community wellness holistically?

Why do corporates need to care about Wellness?

Mental Health and Wellness are integral to our social structure and its relevance increased significantly during the pandemic when the concept of “Work From Home” became a new norm. However, post pandemic, the culture of corporate wellness has reduced. 

Globally, 65% of professionals feel that increased stress has  negatively affected their work. In India, 76% of employees feel that stress is affecting their performance and 49% feel that the stress is taking a toll on their mental health. 

Therefore, given the intense and competitive work environment, corporate wellness is as crucial as employee productivity for fostering a strong society and economic growth.

Employee Engagement Programmes- Yoga & Corporate Wellness

Many people wonder about the need for Corporate Wellness programmes. Often, the question asked is–  

"How does an employee wellness activity help a company?"

Studies show that companies who give high importance to employee engagement by focusing on their wellness programmes often witness an 

  • 81% lower absenteeism rate 
  • and 14% increase in overall productivity.

Experts believe that regular wellness programmes such as yoga workshops, fun outings and activities for social responsibility through NGOs helps corporations foster a culture of belongingness amongst each other as well as towards the organisation.

Benefits of Corporate Yoga Programmes for Employees 

  • Increasing Productivity and Focus

Yoga as a practice boosts cognitive abilities. It improves concentration, sharper focus and better memory retention and can help employees achieve higher levels of efficiency resulting in better performance results for the company. 

  • Enhancing Employee Engagement and Morale 

By regularly incorporating practices like yoga as employee engagement activities, a sense of encouragement is given to them that invariably effectuates loyalty towards the company and personal job satisfaction. Overall, it helps in reducing chances of burnout among employees. 

  • Fostering a Positive Corporate Culture 

Introducing yoga at work fosters a positive and inclusive corporate culture by providing a shared activity that boosts team unity and promotes collaboration. This inclusive practice accommodates employees of varying fitness levels and backgrounds, fostering diversity and unity.

  • Less Absenteeism and Healthcare costs 

By incorporating yoga into one’s daily life, employees can significantly improve their overall health with better immunity resulting in fewer chances of chronic diseases and lifestyle-related health issues. The better the immunity of an employee, the lesser the chances of falling sick and being absent from work while also saving costs of healthcare for the company.

  • Enhance Professional and Personal Development

By taking part in employee engagement initiatives such as yoga or any other new activity, the employees can learn new skills, enhance their leadership skills and discover new talents which can invariably help them in enhancing their professional performance. 

World Yoga Day 2024- Extending Wellness Beyond the Workplace with Smile

Corporate social responsibility extends beyond money to supporting less fortunate individuals. By expanding wellness initiatives beyond the workplace and engaging underserved communities, a socially-conscious corporate like yours will demonstrate solidarity towards collective good. Your employees and our beneficiaries get a one-of-a-kind opportunity to share unique experiences, making possible new learnings and memories.

To continue the chain of community wellness, collaborate with us by participating in our soulful yoga sessions curated by specialised trainers. To add a fun twist to this employee engagement activity, we have planned interesting interactive activities with our beneficiaries from underserved communities, as they too look forward to spending special days like the World Yoga Day with people who care for them. 

Let’s unite to celebrate ‘wellness’ by harnessing corporate power as changemakers to positively transform the lives of underserved communities, guiding them towards a secure, dignified and sustainable future.

For more information on World Yoga Day Employee Engagement Activities, kindly get in touch with our Corporate Partnerships team hero at salony.pandya@smilefoundation.email

Categories
Girl Child

What Happens When Girls are Stopped from Going to Schools?

What Happens When Girls are Stopped from Going to Schools?
What Happens When Girls are Stopped from Going to Schools?

It’s always a good idea to circle back to the basics when feeling disillusioned with what we are doing in our lives. So, is true for our work and the changes that we are trying to hopefully effect through it.

When a little girl is stopped from getting an education in one part of the world; another girl elsewhere might feel its effect by remaining home-bound all her life. So, this topic needs recurring visits to ensure that girl child education remains relevant at all policy and implementation decisions.

Education benefits women and girls, and this is a FACT. Many studies and reports have breathlessly argued for sustained education for girls and women. Reliable, data-informed reports have listed the many benefits of education like reduced child and maternal deaths, improved child and mother health, and lower fertility leading to balanced density of citizens- all pointing towards a better quality of life for Indians.

What Does The Data Say?

Women fortunate enough to receive some formal education are more likely to use contraception, marry later, have fewer children, and overall take better decisions regarding their health, and the needs of their families. 

However, the potential economic benefits associated with a robust working population are lost when half the population is not educated. They are unable to prove livelihoods for themselves and their families, and this problem plagues our country even today.

Not Just in India

Conflict zones, radical regimes and war-torn countries are the ones which record the lowest number in girl child education. For them, where even one meal have the tendency to break into senseless fights, educating thier girl children is their least priority.  

International communities have identified that nine of the top 10 countries which make girl child education difficult and a taboo are in sub-Saharan Africa. The only non-African country in the top 10 list is Afghanistan. Afghanistan with the highest level of gender disparity in primary school is in the top 5. Chad is fifth, followed by Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Liberia and Ethiopia. 

All these are fragile countries have population that are at risk from poverty, ill health and displacement from war and conflict. In these countries, young girls work or do household chores than go to school. In some cases, they are married off  young, which ends their chance of any education even at a basic level.

Reasons for School Dropouts: Effects of Lack of Female Education

Even in countries with laws for girl child education, there is a huge number of school dropouts for these common reasons:

  • Harmful gender stereotypes and wrongful gender stereotyping

This is a persistent issue that we as a society deal with regularly.  The conditioning that “men are providers and women are mothers”  is archaic and irrelevant in today’s modern world.

  • Child marriage and early and unintended pregnancy

When girl children are taken out of schools and denied education, families tend to marry them off to offset living expenses to raise them. Although laws in India are very strict against child marriage, its prevalent amongst the marginalised and rural communities. They tend to look at girl children as a great burden to bear and passed onto another families.

An early marriage leads to early pregnancies which are several and take a toll on the health of both mother and child. Girls without an education are more likely to become child brides, more vulnerable to infectious diseases like HIV and more likely to die young.

  • Gender-based violence against women and girls

Another persistent malaise infecting the country. Constant violent attacks on women and girls have created an unwarranted atmosphere, making parents wary of sending them to school.  

  • Inadequate and unsafe school infrastructure, including sanitation

This is probably the biggest reason why girl children drop out of school quickly and willingly.  Long distances to travel, unhygienic sanitation  facilities and a lack of security see a high dropout rate from school.

  • Poverty

Taking out nearly 50% of the working population from school and depriving them of education will create a loss of $1,800,000,000,000 – that’s $1.8 TRILLION – in low-income countries alone.

What Concerns us as a Country and Society

Without quality education, the effects of lack of female education can be devastating. If the world neglects girl child education crisis across the globe, we could see these risks become a reality. 

As India records the youngest population in the world, all hands on deck will make our dream of being a global economic superpower come true. The image of girls and transgenders leading this dream on an equal footing with boys will make the reality sweeter.

Smile Foundation Addressing and Correcting the Effects of Lack of Female Education

Smile Foundation’s girl child initiative, She Can Fly, is an effort to enable, equip and empower girl children with quality education. It also encompasses proper nutrition, good health, adequate skills, and above all a lot of self-confidence to help them live their lives to their fullest potential.

Would You Like To Help?

Education is the key for a better life, especially for young girls who are often denied the fundamental right of education. By supporting girl child education, you will contribute towards creating a world where every girl has the opportunity to succeed.

Your generous donation can provide essential resources like books, uniforms, and tuition fees, giving these girls the chance to learn, grow, and fulfill their dreams. Your donation here can make a life-changing difference to a girl child.

Categories
Livelihood

Skilling: Key to Reap India’s Demographic Dividend in India

The Employability Puzzle: Educated but Unprepared for Work
The Employability Puzzle: Educated but Unprepared for Work

India, home to the world’s largest youth population, stands at a critical juncture in its developmental trajectory. With over 600 million people under the age of 25, the potential for economic growth is immense. However, to truly harness this demographic dividend, India must focus on skilling its youth.

Skilling is not just about education but equipping individuals with the necessary abilities to thrive in a dynamic job market. So, how can India effectively tap into its demographic dividend?

The Importance of Skilling

Bridging the Skill Gap

One of the significant challenges India faces is the mismatch between the skills imparted by educational institutions and the demands of the job market. Traditional education often focuses on theoretical knowledge, leaving graduates ill-prepared for practical, real-world applications. Skilling programmes can bridge this gap by providing industry-specific training, thereby increasing employability.

Enhancing Economic Growth

Skilling has a direct impact on economic growth. A skilled workforce can drive productivity and innovation, leading to the creation of new industries and the expansion of existing ones. This, in turn, generates more jobs and boosts the economy. According to the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), India could potentially generate an additional 2% GDP growth by effectively skilling its workforce.

Strategies for Effective Skilling to reap Demographic Dividend in India

Vocational Training and Apprenticeships

Vocational training and apprenticeships provide hands-on experience and practical skills that are immediately applicable in the workplace. Countries like Germany have successfully implemented apprenticeship models, and India can learn from these examples. Encouraging industries to collaborate with vocational training institutes can ensure that the curriculum remains relevant and up-to-date.

Digital Literacy and Tech Skills

In today’s digital age, proficiency in technology is essential. Skilling programs must emphasise digital literacy, coding, and other tech skills. Initiatives like the “Digital India” campaign aim to enhance digital infrastructure, but there is a need to integrate digital skills training at the grassroots level. Programmes targeting rural areas, where digital penetration is still low, can have a transformative impact.

Soft Skills Development

Technical skills alone are not sufficient. Soft skills such as communication, teamwork and problem-solving are equally important. Skilling programmes should include modules on soft skills development to ensure holistic growth. This will help individuals navigate the complexities of the modern workplace and excel in their careers.

Government Initiatives and Their Impact

Skill India Mission

Launched in 2015, the Skill India Mission aims to train over 40 crore people by 2022. This initiative includes various programmes like Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) and the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS). These programmes focus on short-term training, recognition of prior learning and promoting apprenticeships across different sectors.

National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC)

The NSDC plays a crucial role in skilling by funding and supporting various training partners and vocational training institutes. By collaborating with private sector partners, the NSDC ensures that skilling programmes are aligned with industry needs. The corporation also works on creating sector-specific skill councils to address the unique requirements of different industries.

Challenges and Solutions for making Demographic Dividend in India work

Quality and Accessibility

While the government has launched several skilling initiatives, ensuring the quality and accessibility of these programmes remains a challenge. There is a need to standardise training across institutes and ensure that rural and remote areas have equal access to skilling opportunities. Mobile training units and e-learning platforms can help reach underserved regions.

Industry Collaboration

For skilling programmes to be effective, active participation from industries is essential. Public-private partnerships can help design relevant curricula, provide internship opportunities and facilitate job placements. Encouraging industries to invest in employee training and upskilling can also ensure continuous learning and development.

Watch the story of Kusum Kumari who enroled in the skilling programme of Smile Foundation and is now doing comparatively well financially in her life now. For more information on our skilling and upskilling initiative, Smile Twin e-Lerning Programme (STeP), see this page and consider becoming a part of a cause that changes lives for the better.

Categories
Health

Beyond Maternal Health: A Holistic Approach to Women’s Health

Beyond Maternal Health: A Holistic Approach to Women's Health
Beyond Maternal Health: A Holistic Approach to Women's Health

For decades, maternal health has been at the forefront of global health agendas, with significant investments aimed at reducing maternal mortality and improving pregnancy outcomes. While these efforts have led to considerable progress, it is essential to expand our focus beyond maternal health to address the broader spectrum of women health and well-being.

A holistic approach to women health encompasses physical, mental, and social aspects, ensuring that women lead healthy, empowered and fulfilling lives at every stage.

The Need for a Holistic Approach to Women’s Health

Maternal health refers to the health of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Initiatives such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have driven significant improvements in maternal health.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), global maternal mortality rates have declined by 38% between 2000 and 2017. However, despite these advancements, maternal health remains a critical issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to quality healthcare is limited.

Beyond Maternal Health: A Broader Perspective

While maternal health is crucial, it represents only a fraction of the health challenges women face. Focusing solely on maternal health can overlook other critical aspects of women’s health that impact their overall well-being. Here are some key areas that require attention-

1. Reproductive Health and Rights

The health of women encompasses more than just the childbearing years. Comprehensive reproductive health services, including access to contraception, safe abortion services and sexual health education, are essential for the autonomy of women and well-being. Ensuring that women can make informed decisions about their reproductive health is fundamental to their overall health.

2. Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Women are increasingly affected by non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancers. According to the WHO, NCDs are the leading cause of death among women globally. Addressing NCDs requires a shift in focus from infectious diseases and maternal health to prevention, early detection and treatment of chronic conditions.

3. Mental Health

Mental health is a critical component of overall health. Women are more likely than men to experience depression, anxiety, and other mental health disorders, partly due to societal pressures and gender-based violence. Access to mental health services, along with community support, is essential for promoting mental well-being.

4. Gender-Based Violence

Gender-based violence, including domestic violence, sexual assault, and female genital mutilation, has severe physical and psychological consequences for women. Addressing gender-based violence requires a multi-faceted approach that includes legal protection, social support and community education.

5. Aging and Health

As women age, they face unique health challenges, including menopause, osteoporosis, and increased risk of certain cancers. Healthcare systems must be equipped to address the needs of aging women, ensuring they receive appropriate care and support throughout their lives.

Strategies for a Holistic Approach to Women’s Health

To move beyond maternal health and adopt a holistic approach to women’s well-being, several strategies must be implemented:

1. Integrated Healthcare Services

Healthcare systems should provide integrated services that address the full spectrum of women’s health needs. This includes reproductive health, preventive care, mental health services and management of chronic conditions. Integrated care ensures that women receive comprehensive, continuous and coordinated healthcare throughout their lives.

2. Education and Empowerment

Education is a powerful tool for improving the health of women. Comprehensive sexual health education, health literacy programmes and empowerment initiatives can equip women with the knowledge and skills to make informed decisions about their health. Empowering women to take control of their health leads to better health outcomes and overall well-being.

3. Community-Based Approaches

Community-based approaches are essential for addressing the social determinants of health. Engaging communities in health promotion activities, providing support for victims of gender-based violence and fostering supportive environments can improve health outcomes. Community health workers and peer support groups play a crucial role in these efforts.

4. Policy and Advocacy

Advocacy for policies that promote gender equality and protect the health rights of women is crucial. This includes advocating for laws that address gender-based violence, ensuring access to reproductive health services and promoting workplace policies that support women health. Policymakers must prioritise women health in national health agendas and allocate resources accordingly.

5. Research and Data Collection

Investing in research and data collection is essential for understanding the healthcare needs of women and developing effective interventions. Gender-specific health research can identify gaps in healthcare delivery and inform policies and programmes. Additionally, collecting data on social determinants of health, such as education and income, can provide insights into the factors influencing the health of women.

India’s National Health Mission

India’s National Health Mission (NHM) aims to provide accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare to rural and urban populations. The NHM includes components for maternal health, child health, and non-communicable diseases, reflecting a comprehensive approach to health. Community health workers, known as ASHAs, play a vital role in delivering health services and promoting health education at the grassroots level.

Working towards a Holistic Approach to Women’s Health

Moving beyond maternal health to adopt a holistic approach to women’s well-being is essential for achieving gender equality and improving health outcomes. By addressing the full spectrum of women’s health needs, including reproductive health, non-communicable diseases, mental health and gender-based violence, we can ensure that women lead healthy, empowered and fulfilling lives.

Integrated healthcare services, education and empowerment initiatives, community-based approaches, policy advocacy and research are critical strategies for achieving this goal. As we strive to improve women’s health, we must remember that true well-being encompasses physical, mental and social dimensions, requiring a comprehensive and inclusive approach.

Categories
Smile

World No Tobacco Day 2024- Do we need to smoke to be cool? 

World No-Tobacco Day awareness campaign by Smile on Wheels in Chennai

Everyone knows that smoking is injurious to health. From constant throat infections to deadly cancer, smoking has never benefited anyone. But, despite knowing the dark reality of tobacco usage, each year more than 8 million people die because of tobacco, out of them 1.3 million are non-smokers.

Despite much awareness and constant initiatives by the government and other entities to curb the usage of tobacco, the unfortunate reality is that consumption of tobacco especially in the form of smoking cigarettes is considered to be a cool statement, especially, amongst young people.

Be it in Bollywood movies, OTT shows or music videos, smoking cigarettes is shown as a style statement that has influenced young minds negatively. Therefore, to change this perception, this year the World No-tobacco Day’s theme is to work together to protect children and youth from tobacco industry interference. The aim is to advocate policies and measures that prevent the tobacco industry from targeting young people for using harmful products.

Tobacco Epidemic- A challenge 

When smokers are asked why they smoke despite knowing that it is injurious to their health, they often reply that smoking helps them to calm down during stressful moments or it is such a natural habit that they do not feel anything odd about it.

The side effects of consuming tobacco are not a hidden fact. According to studies, 90% of all lung cancer deaths in men and 80% in women are due to smoking. Furthermore, smoking has also been one of the main factors in the deaths of smokers between 30 to 69 years, especially in cases of tuberculosis and other respiratory or neoplastic diseases. Let’s not neglect the seriousness of this alarming situation as India has one of the highest rates of oral cancer amongst other nations.

Irreparable damages

As much as tobacco is harmful to one’s health, it is also a huge problem for those who aren’t smokers and the overall environment. 

  • Environmental degradation

Tobacco cultivation contributes to deforestation by clearing forests for farming, depleting fuel wood for curing and exploiting forest resources for packaging, resulting in environmental damage. Additionally, tobacco exhausts soil nutrients quickly, displaces native plants and animals and serves as a breeding ground for pests that can harm other crops.

  • Passive smoking- Innocent lives in danger

Passive smokers come under the brutal wrath of smoking leading to over 600,000 deaths each year. Second-hand smoke is considered 3-4 more times toxic than first-hand smoke which can lead to the cause of several cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, asthma as well as sudden infant death syndrome, thereby, making it even riskier for families of smokers who have to suffer the side effects of tobacco consumption without even using it.

Government’s actions against tobacco consumption 

The National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) was initiated by the Government of India in 2007-08, as part of the 11th Five-Year Plan. Its objectives include raising awareness about tobacco’s harmful effects, reducing tobacco production and supply, enforcing the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) of 2003, aiding tobacco cessation, and aligning with WHO tobacco control strategies.

Implemented through a three-tier structure—National, State, and District Tobacco Control Cells—it also includes Tobacco Cessation Services at the district level. The focus is on training various stakeholders, conducting information campaigns, especially in schools, enforcing tobacco laws, collaborating with local bodies like Panchayati Raj Institutions, and enhancing cessation services, including pharmacological treatments, at district levels.

Presently, NTCP operates nationwide, covering all 36 States/Union Territories and approximately 612 districts.

But, even with such structured initiatives of the government against curbing the usage of tobacco, the increase in smoking especially amongst young girls is on the rise.

A study reveals that smoking among young teen girls has increased twofold. This becomes even more concerning because while on one hand, it was being observed that there was a decline of smoking by 2.2%  amongst adults, unfortunately on the other hand, there has been an increase of smoking in girls by up to 6.2% showing that young women are at grave risk of developing long-lasting ill effects of smoking.

Experts believe that this sudden rise in smoking among teenage girls is because of emotional distress among young adults as well as peer pressure. Furthermore, the aggressive marketing by tobacco companies, to show the new cigarettes with filters and in the categories of being “light” or “mild” cigarettes has misled the youth by showcasing such new products as not very harmful. 

How can we solve tobacco problems?

Consumption of tobacco products comes with an array of problems varying from health, personal, financial as well as social problems and considering the ever-changing fast paced society we live in today, having good health and environment is not just an option, but a necessity. 

The need of the hour is to act together and aggressively against the usage of tobacco. As a close-knit community, it is imperative that we together take steps that help the government in implementing initiatives against tobacco pragmatically and effectively. 

Regular Active Awareness

The power of open communication is unmatchable and especially, when it is about ills like tobacco, it becomes important to openly discuss it rather than hush away. Comprehensive and active awareness regarding the ill effects of tobacco consumption must be done openly and actively. Health promotion must include strategies and regular discourses on how badly tobacco can affect human life.

Enforcing the power of active awareness, Smile Foundation has been supporting the government’s initiative against tobacco by going to the nooks and corners of India through its mobile medical units- Smile on Wheels- a health intervention that is meticulously working with rural and semi-urban communities of India for the underserved.

As World No-Tobacco Day is celebrated on 31st May globally, we at Smile Foundation celebrated this occasion with zest and positivity to ensure that our communities are aware of making the right decision for themselves and their families, when it comes to the usage of tobacco products. 

WhatsApp Image 2024 05 31 at 11.58.29 AM

Our Smile on Wheels team with our well-trained paramedics and doctors went to several parts of the country such as districts in Jaipur, Chennai and Uttar Pradesh to spread a transparent and well-informed awareness session on the side effects of tobacco consumption. 

The awareness campaign was attended by children, women and men of the communities where they shared their experiences and concerns regarding tobacco consumption, which was addressed by our medical team who explained and guided them about the ways to keep their distance from tobacco products while also, encouraged tobacco consumers to quit this harmful habit, if they wanted their families and communities to live a healthy and longer lives.

High Taxes on Cigarettes

It has been observed that raising taxes on tobacco products such as cigarettes has been very effective in reducing tobacco consumption. By adding more taxes on the sale of cigarettes, consumption significantly goes down especially amongst youth as for many of them, it becomes a challenge to afford it which invariably becomes a respite for the non-smokers who don’t have to suffer much because of excessive smoking around them. 

Media Advocacy

Media is a strong source of information and influence and therefore, persistent media advocacy against tobacco through media should be done effectively. The attention should be shifted towards advocating against tobacco usage over social media extensively as young people actively use various social media platforms. 

Moving towards a Healthier India

This World No-Tobacco Day, we encourage everyone to help each other to build themselves and their environment which encourages everyone to quit bad habits like tobacco usage.

Through our Smile on Wheels initiative, we are moving each day, a mile closer to building a nation that is wealthy with good health and a bright future.

As a social stakeholder, we are determined to make a healthy nation, but the real question is- Are you ready to become healthy? Do you want your family and communities to be healthy? If the answer to this is yes, then join us in steering India towards a safe ecosystem, where every life matters. 

Categories
Women Empowerment

Is Work-life Balance a Myth for Women?

Is Work-life Balance a Myth for Women?
Is Work-life Balance a Myth for Women?

The concept of work-life balance has become a buzzword in modern society, representing the ideal state where one can simultaneously excel in their career and maintain a fulfilling personal life. However, for many women, this balance often feels elusive. The unique challenges faced by women in juggling professional responsibilities and personal duties raise the question- Is work-life balance a myth for women?

The Global Landscape of Work-Life Balance for Women

Globally, women have made significant strides in the workforce, breaking systematic challenges and shattering glass ceilings. Despite these achievements, the pursuit of work-life balance remains a daunting task for many. A 2020 study by McKinsey & Company found that women are disproportionately burdened with unpaid household and caregiving duties compared to men. This imbalance is further exacerbated by societal expectations and gender norms that often place the onus of domestic responsibilities on women.

The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted these disparities. As remote work became the norm, the boundaries between professional and personal life blurred, placing additional pressure on women. According to a report by the UN, the pandemic intensified existing inequalities, with women bearing the brunt of increased domestic work and childcare responsibilities.

The Indian Context

In India, the challenges of achieving work-life balance are particularly pronounced due to deep-rooted cultural norms and societal expectations. Despite increased participation in the workforce, Indian women often face the dual burden of professional obligations and traditional domestic roles. A survey by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) revealed that Indian women spend an average of 352 minutes per day on unpaid care work, significantly higher than the global average.

The patriarchal structure prevalent in many parts of India worsens this issue. Women are frequently expected to prioritise family over career, leading to career breaks and limited professional growth opportunities. The concept of the “ideal woman” as a devoted wife and mother further complicates the pursuit of work-life balance.

Importance of Personal and Professional Well-being

Achieving a harmonious balance between personal and professional life is crucial for overall well-being. Excelling in one aspect should not come at the expense of the other. Here are some reasons why doing well both personally and professionally is important-

  1. Mental Health and Stress Reduction: Striking a balance helps in reducing stress and preventing burnout. When women can manage their professional responsibilities without neglecting personal interests and relationships, it contributes to better mental health and overall happiness.
  2. Career Fulfillment: A balanced approach allows women to pursue their career ambitions without guilt or compromise. Professional success can boost self-esteem and provide financial independence, which is important for personal empowerment.
  3. Personal Relationships: Maintaining strong personal relationships is vital for emotional support and well-being. Women who can balance work and personal life are better positioned to nurture meaningful connections with family and friends.
  4. Holistic Development: A balanced life encourages holistic development, allowing women to pursue hobbies, interests and lifelong learning opportunities. This enriches their lives and fosters a sense of fulfillment beyond professional achievements.

Challenges to Achieving Work-Life Balance

Several factors contribute to the difficulty in achieving work-life balance for women-

  1. Workplace Policies: Many workplaces lack policies that support work-life balance, such as flexible working hours, remote work options and parental leave. Inflexible work environments make it challenging for women to manage both spheres effectively.
  2. Gender Bias and Discrimination: Persistent gender bias and discrimination in the workplace hinder women’s career progression and exacerbate the struggle to balance work and personal life. Women often have to work harder to prove their competence and face limited opportunities for advancement.
  3. Lack of Support Systems: Inadequate support systems, such as affordable childcare and domestic help, place additional burdens on women. Without external support, managing professional and personal responsibilities becomes even more daunting.
  4. Cultural Norms and Expectations: Societal expectations that women should be primary caregivers and homemakers create significant pressure. These cultural norms often discourage women from pursuing their career aspirations fully.

Strategies for Achieving Work-Life Balance

While achieving perfect balance may be challenging, several strategies can help women navigate this complex terrain-

  1. Setting Boundaries: Establishing clear boundaries between work and personal life is crucial. This includes setting specific work hours and ensuring personal time is respected.
  2. Prioritising Self-Care: Prioritising self-care and well-being is essential. Regular exercise, hobbies and relaxation techniques can help in managing stress and maintaining mental health.
  3. Seeking Support: Building a strong support network, both at home and in the workplace, can alleviate the burden. This includes seeking help from family members, hiring domestic help and leveraging professional networks.
  4. Advocating for Policies: Advocating for workplace policies that support work-life balance is vital. This includes pushing for flexible work hours, remote work options and comprehensive parental leave.
  5. Time Management: Effective time management techniques can help in balancing responsibilities. This includes prioritising tasks, delegating when possible and avoiding overcommitment.

While the concept of work-life balance may often seem like a myth for women, it is not entirely unattainable. By addressing systemic challenges, advocating for supportive policies and implementing effective strategies, women can strive towards a more balanced and fulfilling life. Achieving this balance is not just about personal well-being but also about creating a more equitable and inclusive society where women can thrive both personally and professionally.

Categories
Smile

Maternal Health Care: Pregnancy is not the same for every woman in India 

Tax Savings Under Section 80G: Do Good, Receive Better
Tax Savings Under Section 80G: Do Good, Receive Better

As India takes a step each day towards progress, its laurels are worth mentioning about the advancement of India’s healthcare system. Today, India is recognised as one of the leading countries for medical facilities. Patients from countries like Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Oman and West Africa come to India for a variety of treatments ranging from dental care to major heart surgeries and organ transplants. 

The Home Minister of India stated that from 2019 to 2021, over 825,000 medical visas were issued to foreigners, despite the pandemic and its traveling restrictions. India’s medical advancement is quite world-class, however, the scenario in the rural and urban slums of India does not look so bright. 

Maternal health care facilities in India prevail as one of the most serious challenges to overcome. Health inequity because of social determinants and lack of knowledge poses a big challenge for mothers belonging to underserved communities, as they still can’t access and leverage all the benefits of quality maternal health care. 

Why is Maternal Health Care in India still a challenge? 

Since time immemorial, women are considered the epitome of nurturing. Their role as a child bearer and mother has been glorified in our ancient literature, and why should not it be? She has the gift of creating a life. For nine months, a woman experiences physical, mental and emotional changes during her pregnancy. It becomes important for her and her child’s health to be safe during and post the pregnancy. 

However, despite several efforts by the government and other social stakeholders, maternal care in India still lacks the necessary support it deserves. Although, we aim to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of achieving less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030, and to an extent, we have steered the wheels towards it by achieving a Maternal mortality ratio of 97 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018-2020, India still has to overcome a set of challenges that are posing to be quite a determinant in achieving overall universal care in India. 

Maternal Care- A luxury for some women in India

The joy of motherhood is unique for every woman. While some moms-to-be have access to resources and medical support, women of lower social classes often confront daunting challenges. Many women still deal with inadequate nutrition, limited healthcare facilities, and a lack of awareness about maternal health. 

Furthermore, young mothers encounter pregnancy-related complications such as excessive blood loss, infection, high blood pressure, abortions and obstructed labor- major contributors to the most common causes of maternal mortality in India. 

The lack of access to Antenatal care (ANC) and Postnatal care (PNC) are also a serious concern. During 2019-2021 less than 60% of new mothers only had 4 ANC visits, and 20% of newborns did not receive PNC within two days of birth. 

Also, regional disparities are evident when it comes to pregnant women and new mothers receiving Antenatal care and Postnatal care. Factors such as maternal age, educational level, social groups and women’s autonomy are a few social determinants that decide whether a woman will be receiving ANC and PNC.  

Why is ANC and PNC important?

For women, Antenatal Care (ANC) and Postnatal Care (PNC) are vital for ensuring the health of both mother and child.

Definitions of ANC and PNC:

ANC monitors the pregnancy, detecting and addressing potential complications early. PNC provides support after childbirth, ensuring proper recovery and addressing any issues that may arise. Both ANC and PNC contribute to reducing maternal and infant mortality rates by promoting healthy pregnancies and births.

The importance of thorough Antenatal care and Postnatal care is even more crucial for the seamless First 1000 days of the child, the period that starts from conception till the time the child reaches the age of two. This period is critical for the development of a child, as rapid physical growth and accelerated mental development take place, making the physical and cognitive capabilities of the child that shall further shape their lives.

Thus, considering the importance of proper ANC and PNC and its necessity to effectuate a safe and healthy environment for women to birth and nurture their children, it becomes a social responsibility of every stakeholder to ensure that maternal healthcare in India is equitable and accessible to every woman of this country. 

Empowering Women with Maternal Care: Smile on Wheels

Smile Foundation is closely working at the grassroot levels, to ensure that women living in marginalised sections of society get the benefits of quality and equal maternal care. 

With firm support towards promoting government initiatives for women in India such as Janani Suraksha Yojana, and PM Matri Vandan Yojana for women, Smile Foundation has customized Smile on Wheels (SoWs)- Mobile Medical Units that aim to reach expectant mothers and newborn babies living in the remotest nooks of the nation.

Equipped with experienced doctors and paramedics along with OPD services and point-of-care test facilities and medicines, around 71 SOWs are responsible for providing quality maternal care to the rural women of India where they can come for health tests, medicines and consultations.

One such example of SOW’s maternal care to women in India is the

Story of Anju

Anju from Lakhina, Beawar, a housewife lived with her parents as her husband was away for his work in a private company. She came to SOW when she was 2 months pregnant. Being a housewife, she would often not get time to get herself regularly checked, but when she arrived at SOW, she registered on the same day and underwent a thorough check-up by the doctor. The doctor measured her BP, sugar levels and weight, while also informing her about the risk factors and danger signs of her pregnancy.

As Anju lacked substantial maternal care awareness, the doctors guided her with proper instructions for routine checkups, immunisation, diet, rest and the importance of institutional delivery. Seeing this kind of care, Anju’s mother became a regular companion of her during her checkups and soon the SOW team was informed by Anju’s mother that Anju had delivered a healthy baby boy and both mother and son were doing good.

Thus, seeing stories like Anju and the fact that since the inception of Smile of Wheels, this programme has proven to be not just a medical service facility but, as being closely connected with the rural communities, it also aids in bridging the gaps in the local health ecosystem. 

Equitable Maternal Healthcare

The idea behind SoWs is to make quality healthcare accessible for the unreachables and therefore, taking quality maternal healthcare to the doors of women living in underserved communities. This comes not with just the responsibility of providing them with required medical support, but also providing them with knowledge and behaviours that would enhance their pregnancy and childbirth. All of these efforts will turn them into agents of positive change who can spread the right awareness and practices of maternal care in the community. 

SoWs and our other health interventions, aim to provide every Indian mother with quality maternal health care during pregnancy and after childbirth. The objective is not only to provide medical assistance but also to foster positive maternal care practices within the community so that maternal healthcare in India can truly become equitable, affordable and accessible.

Categories
Insights

Why are Children, Women and Elderly the ‘Most Vulnerable’?

Why are children, women and elderly called the ‘most vulnerable’?
Why are children, women and elderly called the ‘most vulnerable’?

Certain groups consistently find themselves at a disadvantage. Among these, children, women and the elderly are often identified as the most vulnerable.

Vulnerability, in a social and economic context, refers to the susceptibility of individuals or groups to harm due to their exposure to various risks. Children, women and the elderly are frequently categorised as the most vulnerable due to their unique physical, social and economic characteristics that make them more susceptible to harm.

Vulnerable Children

Children are among the most vulnerable members of society due to their inherent dependence on adults, exposure to exploitation, and susceptibility to health issues.

  1. Dependence on Adults Children rely heavily on adults for their basic needs, including food, shelter and protection. Their lack of autonomy and decision-making power makes them dependent on caregivers, who may not always act in their best interest.
  2. Exposure to Abuse and Exploitation Unfortunately, children are often victims of child labor, trafficking and abuse. Legal protections, while essential, are not always sufficient or effectively enforced, leaving many children unprotected.
  3. Impact of Poverty and Lack of Access to Education Child poverty has far-reaching effects, limiting access to education and perpetuating a cycle of disadvantage. No access to education, such as financial burden and gender discrimination, have long-term consequences on their future opportunities.
  4. Health and Nutrition Malnutrition and inadequate healthcare access severely impact the growth and development of children. In many parts of the world, children suffer from preventable diseases due to lack of vaccinations and medical care.
  5. Impact of Conflict and Displacement Children in war zones and refugee situations face extreme physical and psychological trauma. Displacement disrupts their lives, depriving them of education, stability and a safe environment.
  6. Climate Change Vulnerability Children are disproportionately affected by climate change, facing increased risks from natural disasters, food insecurity, and health issues. Their developing bodies and dependency on adults make them particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of a changing climate.

Vulnerability of Women

Women’s vulnerability stems from systemic gender discrimination, violence, economic disparities and reproductive health issues.

  1. Gender Discrimination and Inequality Patriarchal structures and systemic discrimination limit the opportunities and freedom of women. Gender wage gaps and restricted employment opportunities hinder women’s economic independence and empowerment.
  2. Violence Against Women Domestic violence, sexual harassment and assault are pervasive issues. Legal frameworks intended to protect women often fall short in providing real safety and justice.
  3. Reproductive Health and Rights Access to healthcare and family planning services is crucial for the health of women. High maternal mortality and morbidity rates highlight the disparities in reproductive health services.
  4. Economic Disparities Women face significant barriers to economic participation and entrepreneurship. Unpaid labor and caregiving responsibilities further exacerbate these economic disparities, limiting the financial independence of women.
  5. Educational Barriers Gender-based educational differences hinder women empowerment and independence. Lack of education limits women’s opportunities and perpetuates cycles of poverty and inequality.
  6. Climate Change Vulnerability Women, particularly in developing regions, are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Their roles in agriculture and as primary caregivers mean they bear the brunt of climate-related food and water shortages, exacerbating existing inequalities.

Vulnerability of the Elderly

The elderly face unique vulnerabilities related to health, economic stability, social isolation and technological changes.

  1. Health Issues and Access to Healthcare: Chronic illnesses and age-related health problems are prevalent among the elderly. Accessibility and affordability of healthcare services are critical issues that many older adults face.
  2. Economic Vulnerability: Retirement income and pension issues leave many elderly individuals financially insecure. Employment discrimination and forced retirement further exacerbate their economic vulnerability.
  3. Social Isolation: Loneliness is a significant mental health issue for the elderly. Community support systems are vital, but they are often inadequate or inaccessible.
  4. Abuse and Neglect: Elder abuse, both in domestic and institutional settings, is a serious issue. Legal protections and effective reporting mechanisms are necessary to safeguard the rights and well-being of older adults.
  5. Impact of Technological and Social Changes: Rapid technological advancements and social changes can marginalise the elderly, making it challenging for them to stay connected and engaged.
  6. Climate Change Vulnerability The elderly are more susceptible to the effects of climate change, such as extreme heat, natural disasters and health impacts. Limited mobility and existing health issues can make it harder for them to respond to and recover from climate-related events.

Intersectionality of Vulnerable Groups

  1. Multiple Layers of Discrimination: Individuals who belong to more than one vulnerable group often face compounded risks. For example, elderly women or children from minority backgrounds may experience intersecting forms of discrimination and disadvantage.
  2. Policy Implications: Inclusive policies must address these intersectional vulnerabilities. Integrated approaches are essential to creating effective and sustainable solutions.

Addressing Vulnerability

Effective policies and programs are important. Governments and NGOs must collaborate to provide comprehensive support and protection to vulnerable groups. Grassroots movements and community support are vital for resilience. Community-driven initiatives can effectively address local needs and challenges.

Educational programmes and advocacy efforts play a significant role in empowering vulnerable groups. Awareness campaigns and policy advocacy can drive societal change.

Then there is technology to support the vulnerable groups by providing access to resources, services and information. Examples include telemedicine for the elderly and educational apps for children.

By understanding and addressing the vulnerabilities of children, women and the elderly, we can work towards a society that values and protects all its members, ensuring that no one is left behind.

Categories
Education

Breaking the Walls and Social Mobility with Education

Breaking the Walls for Social Mobility in Education
No step is too small when it's in the direction of your dreams.

Education is a powerful tool that can transform society by breaking down long standing social barriers and creating a more equitable system through economic and social advancements. It raises awareness about social issues and rights and fosters inclusivity by bringing diverse groups together.

Education empowers and equips marginalised communities with the knowledge and skills to improve their social status and reduce their dependence on reservations as a means of social upliftment. It further contributes to economic growth by improving employability and income levels, which can lift people out of poverty.

One of the most significant barriers to education is the economic divide. Children from the families of 1 percent income bracket generally have access to better resources, schools and opportunities. They can afford private tuition, extracurricular activities and technologies that enhance learning. In contrast, students from lower-income families often attend underfunded schools with fewer resources. This economic divide creates a gap in educational attainment and limits social mobility.

Do we need reservations in education for social mobility?

The reservation was envisioned for a certain period to facilitate social mobility and fix social injustices that took place for thousands of years to give an extra advantage to a certain set of people so they could come to a level with the rest of society. Unfortunately, the vision is not fulfilled yet and those social ills still exist. It is a segregated society even today where people from certain walks of life are still considered to be from lower social status.

It is important to educate and skill India and bring the entire youth to a level playing field to remove the reservations that otherwise lasted for longer and would become a socially discriminatory process. The history of reservations in education for lower social groups in India has its roots in the pre-independence era which was implemented in the early 20th century by the princely state of Kolhapur for non-brahmins and backward classes in 1902.

After Independence, it was formalised by the Indian constitution to address injustices faced by certain communities such as SC and ST along with the abolition of caste-based discrimination and untouchability. Later in 2019, benefits were extended based on economic criteria with the latest edition of the Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) quota in the reservation system.

Though the reservation system has evolved, with various legal and legislative developments, it continues to be a topic of debate reflecting the ongoing challenge of balancing individual rights with the need for social justice and equality.

Discriminatory processes

The discriminatory processes based on caste, creed, religion, race, class, etc. need to end in our society. Otherwise, in such a scenario, taking away a single advantage they have would be unfair. However, the policies need regular revisions and implementation of selective reservation policies based on necessities and the challenges of an individual or a community. It should not be implemented nationwide, as it could be exploited.

For example, an individual who has received the best education in a top private school in a city cannot stand at an equal level with an individual who completed their schooling from a local village school with minimal resources, even if both belong to the same social class or community. 

The Social Walls leading to Social Mobility

The term ‘walls’ in the context of education refers to the barriers that hinder equal access to quality education for all social groups. These barriers can be complex and deeply ingrained in historical, social and economic contexts.

They limit access to educational resources due to factors such as economic constraints, rural-urban divide, social identity based on caste and communities, gender disparities and inclusivity issues related to disabilities or linguistic barriers for minority groups. Addressing these barriers requires efforts at multiple levels, including government policies, community engagement and individual awareness. 

Schools should celebrate different cultures to promote inclusivity

Schools need adequate funding to support teachers in meeting the diverse needs of their students. It is important to have a curriculum that includes multiple perspectives and voices to help students appreciate diversity and develop critical thinking skills.

Educators must promote an inclusive curriculum that celebrates diversity and fosters understanding among all students. Collaboration with families, local organisations and students is essential to create educational experiences that are relevant and responsive to their needs.

Additionally, schools should provide workshops for teachers to learn about cultural competency and engage with parents from diverse backgrounds. Organising school events to celebrate various cultures and inviting parents to share their traditions and stories can also contribute to a more inclusive environment.

Government should promote equitable access to education

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aims to address these disparities by committing to inclusive enrolment and equitable access to higher education for all social groups. By focusing on infrastructure enhancement, expanded scholarship programmes and improved career counseling. India aspires to achieve a Gross Enrolment ratio (GER) of 50 percent by 2035.

 The government should enact and enforce policies that promote equal access to education for all social groups, and invest in quality infrastructure in remote and underserved areas. This includes providing qualified teachers, proper classrooms and access to technology.

The government must also ensure that technology does not widen the gap by being accessible only to those who can afford it. Financial aid should be established and provided to support students from marginalised communities. Additionally, awareness campaigns should be run to motivate students from all social backgrounds to pursue higher education.

NGOs help in Raising Awareness

NGOs collaborate with local communities to understand their unique challenges and work together to find solutions that are culturally sensitive and effective. They also provide support towards the education of underserved children ensuring access to proper schools and important educational resources. This also helps combat child labor, as the children have the opportunity to attend school instead of being forced to work.

Among other Smile Projects, Mission Education is one of the initiatives that has reached numerous towns and villages located in the remotest locations of the country to spread the power of education by establishing learning centres. Smile is working towards raising awareness about the importance of education among the communities to convince and motivate them to increase enrollments in the learning centers, envisioning a better future for their children. Smile is contributing significantly to creating a more equitable and inclusive educational landscape, where children from all social groups have the chance to learn and thrive.

Breaking the walls between different social groups in education is not an easy task. It requires a concerted effort from educators, policymakers and communities, and donations from individuals are of a great help too. In doing so, we not only enhance the educational experience but also create a positive social mobility.

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